Dissolution of Trace Metal Elements in Water by Permeation: The Case of the Drinking Water Network of the City of Bangui in the Central African Republic<br />
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Eric Foto; Oscar Allahdin; Olga Biteman; Nicole Poumaye

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajac.20231105.13

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Dissolution of Trace Metal Elements in Water by Permeation: The Case of the Drinking Water Network of the City of Bangui in the Central African Republic

Eric Foto, Oscar Allahdin, Olga Biteman, Nicole Poumaye

Published in American Journal of Applied Chemistry (Volume 11, Issue 5)

Received: 24 September 2023 Accepted: 10 October 2023 Published: 28 October 2023

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Abstract

Assessment heavy metal concentrations is particularly important, given their toxicity and capacity to bioaccumulate along food chains. Unlike organic pollutants, metals cannot be biologically or chemically degraded. The aim of this study is to characterize the spatio-temporal variation in contamination by trace metal elements (TMEs), in particular Zn, Fe, Cu, Pb, Cd, Cr, Hg and Ni, in public water supplies in the city of Bangui, Central African Republic. Thirteen sampling points were selected on the production company's distribution network to determine the water's physico-chemical parameters and assess the level of trace metal contamination. The results obtained established the following quantitative order: Pb (0,002 – 0,07 ppm) > Fe (0,03 – 0,597 ppm) > Ni (0,001 – 0,036 ppm) > Cu (0,01 – 0,06 ppm) > Zn (0,001 – 0,438 ppm) > Cd = Cr = Hg = 0 ppm, lead levels are 7 times higher than WHO standards, while iron levels are two to three times normal. Contamination is influenced by the physico-chemical conditions of the environment. Indeed, the alkaline pH of the water and the rise in temperature during the dry season have favored the precipitation of TMEs from the materials used to manufacture the network's pipes, and their release into the water through permeation phenomena.

Published in	American Journal of Applied Chemistry (Volume 11, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajac.20231105.13
Page(s)	130-136
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Toxicity, Traces Elements, Precipitation, Bioaccumulation, Pollutants, Foods Chains

References

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APA Style

Eric Foto, Oscar Allahdin, Olga Biteman, Nicole Poumaye. (2023). Dissolution of Trace Metal Elements in Water by Permeation: The Case of the Drinking Water Network of the City of Bangui in the Central African Republic . American Journal of Applied Chemistry, 11(5), 130-136. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20231105.13

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ACS Style

Eric Foto; Oscar Allahdin; Olga Biteman; Nicole Poumaye. Dissolution of Trace Metal Elements in Water by Permeation: The Case of the Drinking Water Network of the City of Bangui in the Central African Republic . Am. J. Appl. Chem. 2023, 11(5), 130-136. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20231105.13

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AMA Style

Eric Foto, Oscar Allahdin, Olga Biteman, Nicole Poumaye. Dissolution of Trace Metal Elements in Water by Permeation: The Case of the Drinking Water Network of the City of Bangui in the Central African Republic . Am J Appl Chem. 2023;11(5):130-136. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20231105.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ajac.20231105.13,
  author = {Eric Foto and Oscar Allahdin and Olga Biteman and Nicole Poumaye},
  title = {Dissolution of Trace Metal Elements in Water by Permeation: The Case of the Drinking Water Network of the City of Bangui in the Central African Republic

	
},
  journal = {American Journal of Applied Chemistry},
  volume = {11},
  number = {5},
  pages = {130-136},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajac.20231105.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20231105.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajac.20231105.13},
  abstract = {Assessment heavy metal concentrations is particularly important, given their toxicity and capacity to bioaccumulate along food chains. Unlike organic pollutants, metals cannot be biologically or chemically degraded. The aim of this study is to characterize the spatio-temporal variation in contamination by trace metal elements (TMEs), in particular Zn, Fe, Cu, Pb, Cd, Cr, Hg and Ni, in public water supplies in the city of Bangui, Central African Republic. Thirteen sampling points were selected on the production company's distribution network to determine the water's physico-chemical parameters and assess the level of trace metal contamination. The results obtained established the following quantitative order: Pb (0,002 – 0,07 ppm) > Fe (0,03 – 0,597 ppm) > Ni (0,001 – 0,036 ppm) > Cu (0,01 – 0,06 ppm) > Zn (0,001 – 0,438 ppm) > Cd = Cr = Hg = 0 ppm, lead levels are 7 times higher than WHO standards, while iron levels are two to three times normal. Contamination is influenced by the physico-chemical conditions of the environment. Indeed, the alkaline pH of the water and the rise in temperature during the dry season have favored the precipitation of TMEs from the materials used to manufacture the network's pipes, and their release into the water through permeation phenomena.
},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Dissolution of Trace Metal Elements in Water by Permeation: The Case of the Drinking Water Network of the City of Bangui in the Central African Republic

	

AU  - Eric Foto
AU  - Oscar Allahdin
AU  - Olga Biteman
AU  - Nicole Poumaye
Y1  - 2023/10/28
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20231105.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajac.20231105.13
T2  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
JF  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
JO  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
SP  - 130
EP  - 136
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8745
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20231105.13
AB  - Assessment heavy metal concentrations is particularly important, given their toxicity and capacity to bioaccumulate along food chains. Unlike organic pollutants, metals cannot be biologically or chemically degraded. The aim of this study is to characterize the spatio-temporal variation in contamination by trace metal elements (TMEs), in particular Zn, Fe, Cu, Pb, Cd, Cr, Hg and Ni, in public water supplies in the city of Bangui, Central African Republic. Thirteen sampling points were selected on the production company's distribution network to determine the water's physico-chemical parameters and assess the level of trace metal contamination. The results obtained established the following quantitative order: Pb (0,002 – 0,07 ppm) > Fe (0,03 – 0,597 ppm) > Ni (0,001 – 0,036 ppm) > Cu (0,01 – 0,06 ppm) > Zn (0,001 – 0,438 ppm) > Cd = Cr = Hg = 0 ppm, lead levels are 7 times higher than WHO standards, while iron levels are two to three times normal. Contamination is influenced by the physico-chemical conditions of the environment. Indeed, the alkaline pH of the water and the rise in temperature during the dry season have favored the precipitation of TMEs from the materials used to manufacture the network's pipes, and their release into the water through permeation phenomena.

VL  - 11
IS  - 5
ER  -

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Author Information

Eric Foto

Hydrosciences Lavoisier Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Bangui University, Bangui, Central African Republic
Oscar Allahdin

Hydrosciences Lavoisier Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Bangui University, Bangui, Central African Republic
Olga Biteman

Hydrosciences Lavoisier Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Bangui University, Bangui, Central African Republic
Nicole Poumaye

Hydrosciences Lavoisier Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Bangui University, Bangui, Central African Republic

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APA Style

Eric Foto, Oscar Allahdin, Olga Biteman, Nicole Poumaye. (2023). Dissolution of Trace Metal Elements in Water by Permeation: The Case of the Drinking Water Network of the City of Bangui in the Central African Republic . American Journal of Applied Chemistry, 11(5), 130-136. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20231105.13

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ACS Style

Eric Foto; Oscar Allahdin; Olga Biteman; Nicole Poumaye. Dissolution of Trace Metal Elements in Water by Permeation: The Case of the Drinking Water Network of the City of Bangui in the Central African Republic . Am. J. Appl. Chem. 2023, 11(5), 130-136. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20231105.13

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AMA Style

Eric Foto, Oscar Allahdin, Olga Biteman, Nicole Poumaye. Dissolution of Trace Metal Elements in Water by Permeation: The Case of the Drinking Water Network of the City of Bangui in the Central African Republic . Am J Appl Chem. 2023;11(5):130-136. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20231105.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajac.20231105.13,
  author = {Eric Foto and Oscar Allahdin and Olga Biteman and Nicole Poumaye},
  title = {Dissolution of Trace Metal Elements in Water by Permeation: The Case of the Drinking Water Network of the City of Bangui in the Central African Republic

	
},
  journal = {American Journal of Applied Chemistry},
  volume = {11},
  number = {5},
  pages = {130-136},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajac.20231105.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20231105.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajac.20231105.13},
  abstract = {Assessment heavy metal concentrations is particularly important, given their toxicity and capacity to bioaccumulate along food chains. Unlike organic pollutants, metals cannot be biologically or chemically degraded. The aim of this study is to characterize the spatio-temporal variation in contamination by trace metal elements (TMEs), in particular Zn, Fe, Cu, Pb, Cd, Cr, Hg and Ni, in public water supplies in the city of Bangui, Central African Republic. Thirteen sampling points were selected on the production company's distribution network to determine the water's physico-chemical parameters and assess the level of trace metal contamination. The results obtained established the following quantitative order: Pb (0,002 – 0,07 ppm) > Fe (0,03 – 0,597 ppm) > Ni (0,001 – 0,036 ppm) > Cu (0,01 – 0,06 ppm) > Zn (0,001 – 0,438 ppm) > Cd = Cr = Hg = 0 ppm, lead levels are 7 times higher than WHO standards, while iron levels are two to three times normal. Contamination is influenced by the physico-chemical conditions of the environment. Indeed, the alkaline pH of the water and the rise in temperature during the dry season have favored the precipitation of TMEs from the materials used to manufacture the network's pipes, and their release into the water through permeation phenomena.
},
 year = {2023}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Dissolution of Trace Metal Elements in Water by Permeation: The Case of the Drinking Water Network of the City of Bangui in the Central African Republic

	

AU  - Eric Foto
AU  - Oscar Allahdin
AU  - Olga Biteman
AU  - Nicole Poumaye
Y1  - 2023/10/28
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20231105.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajac.20231105.13
T2  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
JF  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
JO  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
SP  - 130
EP  - 136
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8745
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20231105.13
AB  - Assessment heavy metal concentrations is particularly important, given their toxicity and capacity to bioaccumulate along food chains. Unlike organic pollutants, metals cannot be biologically or chemically degraded. The aim of this study is to characterize the spatio-temporal variation in contamination by trace metal elements (TMEs), in particular Zn, Fe, Cu, Pb, Cd, Cr, Hg and Ni, in public water supplies in the city of Bangui, Central African Republic. Thirteen sampling points were selected on the production company's distribution network to determine the water's physico-chemical parameters and assess the level of trace metal contamination. The results obtained established the following quantitative order: Pb (0,002 – 0,07 ppm) > Fe (0,03 – 0,597 ppm) > Ni (0,001 – 0,036 ppm) > Cu (0,01 – 0,06 ppm) > Zn (0,001 – 0,438 ppm) > Cd = Cr = Hg = 0 ppm, lead levels are 7 times higher than WHO standards, while iron levels are two to three times normal. Contamination is influenced by the physico-chemical conditions of the environment. Indeed, the alkaline pH of the water and the rise in temperature during the dry season have favored the precipitation of TMEs from the materials used to manufacture the network's pipes, and their release into the water through permeation phenomena.

VL  - 11
IS  - 5
ER  -

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