Object: For ectothermic insects, thermal tolerance is one of the most essential properties for survival in ambient environments. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in thermal tolerance in the silkworm, Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) have not been fully elucidated. The present study investigated mechanisms that provide heat tolerance in embryos of Bombyx mori. Materials and Methods: Eggs of the bivoltine silkworm strain p50 were exposed to different temperatures, to determine the lethal threshold temperature and to assess the effects of mild and low temperature incubation on tolerance to heat shock and on embryonic protein profiles. Protein levels were measured by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Results: When eggs were exposed to transient heat shock for one hour, the lethal threshold temperature was between 47.0°C and 48.0°C. However, exposure to 40.0°C for four hours, substantially elevated tolerance to the threshold heat shock and simultaneously increased levels of 70 and 27 kDa proteins in eggs, whereas exposure to 35.0°C did not. Exposure to 10.0°C for four hours lowered heat tolerance and did not alter the expression of 70 and 27 kDa proteins. Conclusion: The present findings indicated that hardening silkworm eggs at mild temperatures increases heat tolerance in embryos. To our knowledge this is the first observation of heat hardening in silkworm embryos. These putative heat-shock proteins of 70 and 27 kDa might be involved in the effect of mild temperature hardening on heat tolerance. Cold stress might deprive embryos of energy reserves available for protection against heat damage. Protective mechanisms against heat and cold stress are probably different in this species. Further studies of the molecular mechanisms of heat tolerance should provide insight into the development of novel, high-yield silkworm strains in tropical environments.
| Published in | American Journal of Entomology (Volume 2, Issue 2) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.aje.20180202.11 |
| Page(s) | 6-9 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Embryo, Heat Shock Protein, Silkworm, Thermal Tolerance
| [1] | Worner, S. P. (1988). Ecoclimatic assessment of potential establishment of exotic pests. Journal of Economic Entomology, 81: 973-983. |
| [2] | García-Robledo, C., Kuprewicz, E. K., Staines, C. L., Erwin, T. L. and Kress, W. J. (2016). Limited tolerance by insects to high temperatures across tropical elevational gradients and the implications of global warming for extinction. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 113: 3680–685. |
| [3] | Zhao, L. and Jones, W. A. (2012). Expression of heat shock protein genes in insect stress responses. Invertebrate Survival Journal, 9: 93-101. |
| [4] | King, A. M. and MacRae T. H. (2015). Insect heat shock proteins during stress and diapause. Annual Review of Entomology, 60: 59-75. |
| [5] | Feder, M. E. and Hofmann, G. E. (1999). Heat-shock proteins, molecular chaperones, and the stress response: evolutioinary and ecological physiology. Annual Review of Physiology, 61: 243-282. |
| [6] | Sørensen, J. G., Kristensen, T. N. and Loeschcke, V. (2003). The evolutionary and ecological role of heat shock proteins. Ecological Letters, 6: 1025-1037. |
| [7] | Kim, K. K., Kim, R. and Kim, S. H. (1998). Crystal structure of a small heat-shock protein. Nature, 394: 595-599. |
| [8] | Rahmathulla, V. K. (2012). Management of climatic factors for successful silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) crop and higher silk production: A review. Psyche, 2012: 121234. |
| [9] | Vasudha, B. C., Aparna, H. S. and Manjunatha, H. B. (2006). Impact of heat shock on heat shock proteins expression, biological and commercial traits of Bombyx mori. Insect Science, 13: 243-250. |
| [10] | Manjunatha, H. B., Rajesh, R. K. and Aparna, H. S. (2010). Silkworm thermal biology: A review of heat shock response, heat shock proteins and heat acclimation in the domesticated silkworm, Bombyx mori. Journal of Insect Science, 10: 1-16. |
| [11] | Joy, O. and Gopinathan, K. T. P. (1995). Heat shock response in mulberry silkworm races with different thermotolerances. Journal of Biosciences, 20: 499–513. |
| [12] | Malik, F. A. and Reddy, Y. S. (2009). Racial features in the heat tolerance limits in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Acta Entomologica Sinica, 52: 478-486. |
| [13] | Manjunatha, H. B., Zamood, A., Vasudha, B. C. and Aparna, H. S. (2005). Heat shock response and analysis of egg proteins in new bivoltine strains of Bombyx mori. Sericologia, 45: 403-408. |
| [14] | Weber, K. and Osborn, M. (1969). The reliability of molecular weight determination by dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 244: 4406-4412. |
| [15] | Rat'kin, E. V. (1974). Variability of silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) eggs in capacity for thermal parthenogenesis and heat resistance. Communication I. Familial variability and connection between heat resistance of embryos in early and late stages of development. The Soviet Journal of developmental biology, 4: 454-459. |
| [16] | Sejerkilde, M., Sørensen, J. G. and Loeschcke, V. (2003). Effects of cold- and heat hardening on thermal resistance in Drosophila melanogaster. Journal of Insect Physiology, 49: 719–726. |
| [17] | Huang, L. H., Chen, B. and Kang, L. (2007). Impact of mild temperature hardening on thermotolerance, fecundity, and Hsp gene expression in Liriomyza huidobrensis. Journal of Insect Physiology, 53: 1199–1205. |
| [18] | Moghaddam, S. H. H., Du, X., Li, J., Cao, J., Zhong, B. and Chen, Y. Y. (2008). Proteome Analysis on differentially expressed proteins of the fat body of two silkworm breeds, Bombyx mori, exposed to heat shock exposure. Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, 13: 624-631. |
| [19] | Bettencourt, B. R., Feder, M. E. and Cavicchi, S. (1999). Experimental evolution of HSP70 expression and thermotolerance in Drosophila melanogaster. Evolution, 53: 484-492. |
| [20] | Dahlgaard, J., Loeschcke, V., Michalak, P. and Justesen, J. (1998). Induced thermotolerance and associated expression of the heat-shock protein HSP70 in adult Drosophila melanogaster. Functional Ecology, 12: 786-793. |
| [21] | Wang, H. D., Kazemi-Esfarjani, P. and Benzer, S. (2004). Multiple-stress analysis for isolation of Drosophila longevity genes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 101: 12610–12615. |
| [22] | Hoffmann, A. A. (1995). Acclimation: increasing survival at a cost. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 10: 1-2. |
| [23] | Koehn, R. K. and Bayne, B. L. (1989). Towards a physiological and genetical understanding of the energetics of the stress response. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society (London), 37: 157-171. |
| [24] | Rodríguez-Iturbe, B. and Johnson, R. J. (2018). Heat shock proteins and cardiovascular disease. Physiology International, 105: 19-37. |
| [25] | Penke, B., Bogár, F., Crul, T., Sántha, M., Tóth, M. E. and Vígh, L. (2018). Heat shock proteins and autophagy pathways in neuroprotection: from molecular bases to pharmacological interventions. International Journal of Molecular Science, 19: 325. |
APA Style
Daisuke Matsuoka, Katsuhiko Sakamoto. (2018). Effects of Mild and Low Temperature Incubation on Heat Tolerance in Bombyx mori Embryos. American Journal of Entomology, 2(2), 6-9. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aje.20180202.11
ACS Style
Daisuke Matsuoka; Katsuhiko Sakamoto. Effects of Mild and Low Temperature Incubation on Heat Tolerance in Bombyx mori Embryos. Am. J. Entomol. 2018, 2(2), 6-9. doi: 10.11648/j.aje.20180202.11
AMA Style
Daisuke Matsuoka, Katsuhiko Sakamoto. Effects of Mild and Low Temperature Incubation on Heat Tolerance in Bombyx mori Embryos. Am J Entomol. 2018;2(2):6-9. doi: 10.11648/j.aje.20180202.11
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.aje.20180202.11,
author = {Daisuke Matsuoka and Katsuhiko Sakamoto},
title = {Effects of Mild and Low Temperature Incubation on Heat Tolerance in Bombyx mori Embryos},
journal = {American Journal of Entomology},
volume = {2},
number = {2},
pages = {6-9},
doi = {10.11648/j.aje.20180202.11},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aje.20180202.11},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.aje.20180202.11},
abstract = {Object: For ectothermic insects, thermal tolerance is one of the most essential properties for survival in ambient environments. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in thermal tolerance in the silkworm, Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) have not been fully elucidated. The present study investigated mechanisms that provide heat tolerance in embryos of Bombyx mori. Materials and Methods: Eggs of the bivoltine silkworm strain p50 were exposed to different temperatures, to determine the lethal threshold temperature and to assess the effects of mild and low temperature incubation on tolerance to heat shock and on embryonic protein profiles. Protein levels were measured by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Results: When eggs were exposed to transient heat shock for one hour, the lethal threshold temperature was between 47.0°C and 48.0°C. However, exposure to 40.0°C for four hours, substantially elevated tolerance to the threshold heat shock and simultaneously increased levels of 70 and 27 kDa proteins in eggs, whereas exposure to 35.0°C did not. Exposure to 10.0°C for four hours lowered heat tolerance and did not alter the expression of 70 and 27 kDa proteins. Conclusion: The present findings indicated that hardening silkworm eggs at mild temperatures increases heat tolerance in embryos. To our knowledge this is the first observation of heat hardening in silkworm embryos. These putative heat-shock proteins of 70 and 27 kDa might be involved in the effect of mild temperature hardening on heat tolerance. Cold stress might deprive embryos of energy reserves available for protection against heat damage. Protective mechanisms against heat and cold stress are probably different in this species. Further studies of the molecular mechanisms of heat tolerance should provide insight into the development of novel, high-yield silkworm strains in tropical environments.},
year = {2018}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Mild and Low Temperature Incubation on Heat Tolerance in Bombyx mori Embryos AU - Daisuke Matsuoka AU - Katsuhiko Sakamoto Y1 - 2018/07/12 PY - 2018 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aje.20180202.11 DO - 10.11648/j.aje.20180202.11 T2 - American Journal of Entomology JF - American Journal of Entomology JO - American Journal of Entomology SP - 6 EP - 9 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2640-0537 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aje.20180202.11 AB - Object: For ectothermic insects, thermal tolerance is one of the most essential properties for survival in ambient environments. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in thermal tolerance in the silkworm, Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) have not been fully elucidated. The present study investigated mechanisms that provide heat tolerance in embryos of Bombyx mori. Materials and Methods: Eggs of the bivoltine silkworm strain p50 were exposed to different temperatures, to determine the lethal threshold temperature and to assess the effects of mild and low temperature incubation on tolerance to heat shock and on embryonic protein profiles. Protein levels were measured by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Results: When eggs were exposed to transient heat shock for one hour, the lethal threshold temperature was between 47.0°C and 48.0°C. However, exposure to 40.0°C for four hours, substantially elevated tolerance to the threshold heat shock and simultaneously increased levels of 70 and 27 kDa proteins in eggs, whereas exposure to 35.0°C did not. Exposure to 10.0°C for four hours lowered heat tolerance and did not alter the expression of 70 and 27 kDa proteins. Conclusion: The present findings indicated that hardening silkworm eggs at mild temperatures increases heat tolerance in embryos. To our knowledge this is the first observation of heat hardening in silkworm embryos. These putative heat-shock proteins of 70 and 27 kDa might be involved in the effect of mild temperature hardening on heat tolerance. Cold stress might deprive embryos of energy reserves available for protection against heat damage. Protective mechanisms against heat and cold stress are probably different in this species. Further studies of the molecular mechanisms of heat tolerance should provide insight into the development of novel, high-yield silkworm strains in tropical environments. VL - 2 IS - 2 ER -
Information
Email: