Design and Numerical Modeling of a Concentric Dual-Core Optical Fiber with Hybrid Single-Mode and Multimode Propagation

Randriana Heritiana Nambinina Erica; Ando Nirina Andriamanalina

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajset.20261104.34

Methodology Article |

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Design and Numerical Modeling of a Concentric Dual-Core Optical Fiber with Hybrid Single-Mode and Multimode Propagation

Randriana Heritiana Nambinina Erica^*

, Ando Nirina Andriamanalina

Published in American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology (Volume 11, Issue 4)

Received: 6 October 2026 Accepted: 16 October 2026 Published: 28 October 2026

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Abstract

This study presents a numerical investigation of an original dual-core optical fiber designed to simultaneously support single-mode propagation in one core and multimode propagation in the other. The proposed structure consists of two closely spaced guiding cores embedded within a common silica cladding. The geometrical dimensions and refractive-index parameters of the two cores are independently adjusted to establish distinct modal regimes within the same fiber. The main objective is to demonstrate the feasibility of this configuration and to analyze the influence of the main structural parameters on modal behavior, optical confinement, guided power distribution, and coupling between the two cores. The numerical analysis considers the core diameters, refractive-index contrasts, operating wavelength, and inter-core separation as the principal parameters governing light propagation. The normalized frequency of each core is evaluated to determine its propagation regime and the number of supported modes. Numerical simulations are then performed to characterize the guided modes, electromagnetic field distributions, guided power fractions, and inter-core power transfer. Particular attention is given to the spatial distribution of the optical field and to the interaction between the two guiding regions. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed dual-core configuration can successfully maintain fundamental single-mode propagation in one core while simultaneously supporting several guided modes in the second core. The simulations also show that the modal characteristics and power distribution are strongly influenced by the dimensions of the cores, the refractive-index differences, and the distance separating the two cores. Variations in these parameters modify the confinement of the electromagnetic field and consequently affect the optical interaction and power exchange between the guiding regions. Appropriate selection of the geometrical and optical parameters therefore provides an effective means of controlling the propagation characteristics of the proposed fiber. These results confirm the numerical feasibility of integrating single-mode and multimode propagation within a single dual-core optical fiber. The proposed structure provides additional flexibility for controlling guided modes, optical confinement, and inter-core power transfer. It may therefore offer promising perspectives for high-capacity optical transmission, spatial mode multiplexing, coupling control, and advanced optical sensing applications. This study provides a numerical basis for the further optimization and experimental development of dual-core fiber structures combining distinct modal propagation regimes.

Published in	American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology (Volume 11, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajset.20261104.34
Page(s)	443-449
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2026. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Dual-Core Optical Fiber, Single-Mode Propagation, Multimode Propagation, Modal Analysis, Optical Power Coupling, Guided Modes, Numerical Modeling, Spatial Mode Multiplexing

References

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[6]	A. Yariv, “Coupled-mode theory for guided-wave optics,” IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, vol. 9, no. 9, pp. 919-933, 1973. https://doi.org/10.1109/JQE.1973.1077767
[7]	A. W. Snyder, “Coupled mode theory for optical fibers,” Journal of the Optical Society of America, vol. 62, pp. 1267-1277, 1972. https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSA.62.001267
[8]	D. Marcuse, “Coupled mode theory of round optical fibers,” Bell System Technical Journal, vol. 52, no. 6, pp. 817-842, 1973. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-7305.1973.tb01992.x
[9]	J. C. Knight, “Photonic crystal fibres,” Nature, vol. 424, no. 6950, pp. 847-851, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01940
[10]	P. St. J. Russell, “Photonic crystal fibers,” Science, vol. 299, no. 5605, pp. 358-362, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1079280
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[12]	C. R. Pollock and M. Lipson, Integrated Photonics, Springer, New York, NY, USA, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5522-0
[13]	[13 D. J. Richardson, J. M. Fini, and L. E. Nelson, “Space-division multiplexing in optical fibres,” Nature Photonics, vol. 7, pp. 354-362, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2013.94
[14]	X. Bao and L. Chen, “Recent progress in fiber Bragg grating sensors,” Sensors, vol. 12, no. 7, pp. 9267-9309, 2012. https://doi.org/10.3390/s120709267
[15]	L. N. Binh, Optical Fiber Communication Systems with MATLAB and Simulink Models, 2nd ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1201/b17781

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Erica, R. H. N., Andriamanalina, A. N. (2026). Design and Numerical Modeling of a Concentric Dual-Core Optical Fiber with Hybrid Single-Mode and Multimode Propagation. American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology, 11(4), 443-449. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajset.20261104.34

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ACS Style

Erica, R. H. N.; Andriamanalina, A. N. Design and Numerical Modeling of a Concentric Dual-Core Optical Fiber with Hybrid Single-Mode and Multimode Propagation. Am. J. Sci. Eng. Technol. 2026, 11(4), 443-449. doi: 10.11648/j.ajset.20261104.34

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AMA Style

Erica RHN, Andriamanalina AN. Design and Numerical Modeling of a Concentric Dual-Core Optical Fiber with Hybrid Single-Mode and Multimode Propagation. Am J Sci Eng Technol. 2026;11(4):443-449. doi: 10.11648/j.ajset.20261104.34

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@article{10.11648/j.ajset.20261104.34,
  author = {Randriana Heritiana Nambinina Erica and Ando Nirina Andriamanalina},
  title = {Design and Numerical Modeling of a Concentric Dual-Core Optical Fiber with Hybrid Single-Mode and Multimode Propagation},
  journal = {American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology},
  volume = {11},
  number = {4},
  pages = {443-449},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajset.20261104.34},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajset.20261104.34},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajset.20261104.34},
  abstract = {This study presents a numerical investigation of an original dual-core optical fiber designed to simultaneously support single-mode propagation in one core and multimode propagation in the other. The proposed structure consists of two closely spaced guiding cores embedded within a common silica cladding. The geometrical dimensions and refractive-index parameters of the two cores are independently adjusted to establish distinct modal regimes within the same fiber. The main objective is to demonstrate the feasibility of this configuration and to analyze the influence of the main structural parameters on modal behavior, optical confinement, guided power distribution, and coupling between the two cores. The numerical analysis considers the core diameters, refractive-index contrasts, operating wavelength, and inter-core separation as the principal parameters governing light propagation. The normalized frequency of each core is evaluated to determine its propagation regime and the number of supported modes. Numerical simulations are then performed to characterize the guided modes, electromagnetic field distributions, guided power fractions, and inter-core power transfer. Particular attention is given to the spatial distribution of the optical field and to the interaction between the two guiding regions. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed dual-core configuration can successfully maintain fundamental single-mode propagation in one core while simultaneously supporting several guided modes in the second core. The simulations also show that the modal characteristics and power distribution are strongly influenced by the dimensions of the cores, the refractive-index differences, and the distance separating the two cores. Variations in these parameters modify the confinement of the electromagnetic field and consequently affect the optical interaction and power exchange between the guiding regions. Appropriate selection of the geometrical and optical parameters therefore provides an effective means of controlling the propagation characteristics of the proposed fiber. These results confirm the numerical feasibility of integrating single-mode and multimode propagation within a single dual-core optical fiber. The proposed structure provides additional flexibility for controlling guided modes, optical confinement, and inter-core power transfer. It may therefore offer promising perspectives for high-capacity optical transmission, spatial mode multiplexing, coupling control, and advanced optical sensing applications. This study provides a numerical basis for the further optimization and experimental development of dual-core fiber structures combining distinct modal propagation regimes.},
 year = {2026}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Design and Numerical Modeling of a Concentric Dual-Core Optical Fiber with Hybrid Single-Mode and Multimode Propagation
AU  - Randriana Heritiana Nambinina Erica
AU  - Ando Nirina Andriamanalina
Y1  - 2026/10/28
PY  - 2026
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajset.20261104.34
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajset.20261104.34
T2  - American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology
JF  - American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology
JO  - American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology
SP  - 443
EP  - 449
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-8353
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajset.20261104.34
AB  - This study presents a numerical investigation of an original dual-core optical fiber designed to simultaneously support single-mode propagation in one core and multimode propagation in the other. The proposed structure consists of two closely spaced guiding cores embedded within a common silica cladding. The geometrical dimensions and refractive-index parameters of the two cores are independently adjusted to establish distinct modal regimes within the same fiber. The main objective is to demonstrate the feasibility of this configuration and to analyze the influence of the main structural parameters on modal behavior, optical confinement, guided power distribution, and coupling between the two cores. The numerical analysis considers the core diameters, refractive-index contrasts, operating wavelength, and inter-core separation as the principal parameters governing light propagation. The normalized frequency of each core is evaluated to determine its propagation regime and the number of supported modes. Numerical simulations are then performed to characterize the guided modes, electromagnetic field distributions, guided power fractions, and inter-core power transfer. Particular attention is given to the spatial distribution of the optical field and to the interaction between the two guiding regions. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed dual-core configuration can successfully maintain fundamental single-mode propagation in one core while simultaneously supporting several guided modes in the second core. The simulations also show that the modal characteristics and power distribution are strongly influenced by the dimensions of the cores, the refractive-index differences, and the distance separating the two cores. Variations in these parameters modify the confinement of the electromagnetic field and consequently affect the optical interaction and power exchange between the guiding regions. Appropriate selection of the geometrical and optical parameters therefore provides an effective means of controlling the propagation characteristics of the proposed fiber. These results confirm the numerical feasibility of integrating single-mode and multimode propagation within a single dual-core optical fiber. The proposed structure provides additional flexibility for controlling guided modes, optical confinement, and inter-core power transfer. It may therefore offer promising perspectives for high-capacity optical transmission, spatial mode multiplexing, coupling control, and advanced optical sensing applications. This study provides a numerical basis for the further optimization and experimental development of dual-core fiber structures combining distinct modal propagation regimes.
VL  - 11
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Randriana Heritiana Nambinina Erica

Telecommunications, Doctoral School of Engineering Sciences and Innovation, Antananarivo, Madagascar

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0003-8089-172X
Ando Nirina Andriamanalina

Telecommunications, Doctoral School of Engineering Sciences and Innovation, Antananarivo, Madagascar

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Erica, R. H. N., Andriamanalina, A. N. (2026). Design and Numerical Modeling of a Concentric Dual-Core Optical Fiber with Hybrid Single-Mode and Multimode Propagation. American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology, 11(4), 443-449. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajset.20261104.34

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ACS Style

Erica, R. H. N.; Andriamanalina, A. N. Design and Numerical Modeling of a Concentric Dual-Core Optical Fiber with Hybrid Single-Mode and Multimode Propagation. Am. J. Sci. Eng. Technol. 2026, 11(4), 443-449. doi: 10.11648/j.ajset.20261104.34

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AMA Style

Erica RHN, Andriamanalina AN. Design and Numerical Modeling of a Concentric Dual-Core Optical Fiber with Hybrid Single-Mode and Multimode Propagation. Am J Sci Eng Technol. 2026;11(4):443-449. doi: 10.11648/j.ajset.20261104.34

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajset.20261104.34,
  author = {Randriana Heritiana Nambinina Erica and Ando Nirina Andriamanalina},
  title = {Design and Numerical Modeling of a Concentric Dual-Core Optical Fiber with Hybrid Single-Mode and Multimode Propagation},
  journal = {American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology},
  volume = {11},
  number = {4},
  pages = {443-449},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajset.20261104.34},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajset.20261104.34},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajset.20261104.34},
  abstract = {This study presents a numerical investigation of an original dual-core optical fiber designed to simultaneously support single-mode propagation in one core and multimode propagation in the other. The proposed structure consists of two closely spaced guiding cores embedded within a common silica cladding. The geometrical dimensions and refractive-index parameters of the two cores are independently adjusted to establish distinct modal regimes within the same fiber. The main objective is to demonstrate the feasibility of this configuration and to analyze the influence of the main structural parameters on modal behavior, optical confinement, guided power distribution, and coupling between the two cores. The numerical analysis considers the core diameters, refractive-index contrasts, operating wavelength, and inter-core separation as the principal parameters governing light propagation. The normalized frequency of each core is evaluated to determine its propagation regime and the number of supported modes. Numerical simulations are then performed to characterize the guided modes, electromagnetic field distributions, guided power fractions, and inter-core power transfer. Particular attention is given to the spatial distribution of the optical field and to the interaction between the two guiding regions. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed dual-core configuration can successfully maintain fundamental single-mode propagation in one core while simultaneously supporting several guided modes in the second core. The simulations also show that the modal characteristics and power distribution are strongly influenced by the dimensions of the cores, the refractive-index differences, and the distance separating the two cores. Variations in these parameters modify the confinement of the electromagnetic field and consequently affect the optical interaction and power exchange between the guiding regions. Appropriate selection of the geometrical and optical parameters therefore provides an effective means of controlling the propagation characteristics of the proposed fiber. These results confirm the numerical feasibility of integrating single-mode and multimode propagation within a single dual-core optical fiber. The proposed structure provides additional flexibility for controlling guided modes, optical confinement, and inter-core power transfer. It may therefore offer promising perspectives for high-capacity optical transmission, spatial mode multiplexing, coupling control, and advanced optical sensing applications. This study provides a numerical basis for the further optimization and experimental development of dual-core fiber structures combining distinct modal propagation regimes.},
 year = {2026}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Design and Numerical Modeling of a Concentric Dual-Core Optical Fiber with Hybrid Single-Mode and Multimode Propagation
AU  - Randriana Heritiana Nambinina Erica
AU  - Ando Nirina Andriamanalina
Y1  - 2026/10/28
PY  - 2026
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajset.20261104.34
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajset.20261104.34
T2  - American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology
JF  - American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology
JO  - American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology
SP  - 443
EP  - 449
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-8353
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajset.20261104.34
AB  - This study presents a numerical investigation of an original dual-core optical fiber designed to simultaneously support single-mode propagation in one core and multimode propagation in the other. The proposed structure consists of two closely spaced guiding cores embedded within a common silica cladding. The geometrical dimensions and refractive-index parameters of the two cores are independently adjusted to establish distinct modal regimes within the same fiber. The main objective is to demonstrate the feasibility of this configuration and to analyze the influence of the main structural parameters on modal behavior, optical confinement, guided power distribution, and coupling between the two cores. The numerical analysis considers the core diameters, refractive-index contrasts, operating wavelength, and inter-core separation as the principal parameters governing light propagation. The normalized frequency of each core is evaluated to determine its propagation regime and the number of supported modes. Numerical simulations are then performed to characterize the guided modes, electromagnetic field distributions, guided power fractions, and inter-core power transfer. Particular attention is given to the spatial distribution of the optical field and to the interaction between the two guiding regions. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed dual-core configuration can successfully maintain fundamental single-mode propagation in one core while simultaneously supporting several guided modes in the second core. The simulations also show that the modal characteristics and power distribution are strongly influenced by the dimensions of the cores, the refractive-index differences, and the distance separating the two cores. Variations in these parameters modify the confinement of the electromagnetic field and consequently affect the optical interaction and power exchange between the guiding regions. Appropriate selection of the geometrical and optical parameters therefore provides an effective means of controlling the propagation characteristics of the proposed fiber. These results confirm the numerical feasibility of integrating single-mode and multimode propagation within a single dual-core optical fiber. The proposed structure provides additional flexibility for controlling guided modes, optical confinement, and inter-core power transfer. It may therefore offer promising perspectives for high-capacity optical transmission, spatial mode multiplexing, coupling control, and advanced optical sensing applications. This study provides a numerical basis for the further optimization and experimental development of dual-core fiber structures combining distinct modal propagation regimes.
VL  - 11
IS  - 4
ER  -

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