Analysis of Black Carbon Concentrations in PM<sub>2.5-10 </sub>and PM<sub>2.5</sub> Fractions by MABI Instrument in Two Urban Areas of Dakar, Senegal

Alassane Traore; Moustapha Kebe; Malick Sow; Vasiliki Vasilatou; Ababacar Sadikhe Ndao; Konstantinos Eleftheriadis

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijaos.20230702.11

| Peer-Reviewed

Analysis of Black Carbon Concentrations in PM_2.5-10and PM_2.5 Fractions by MABI Instrument in Two Urban Areas of Dakar, Senegal

Alassane Traore, Moustapha Kebe, Malick Sow, Vasiliki Vasilatou, Ababacar Sadikhe Ndao, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis

Published in International Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences (Volume 7, Issue 2)

Received: 29 August 2023 Accepted: 19 September 2023 Published: 8 October 2023

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

Black carbon (BC) is a particular pollutant that absorbs visible light and can intervene in the climatic change with irradiance. The sources of BC emissions are known, such as incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and biomass burning. Our study focuses on two sites Hlm and Yoff in Dakar, Senegal in order to determine the mass absorption coefficient of BC in our polycarbonate nucleopore filters from November 2018 to October 2019 so as to collect PM_2.5and PM_2.5-10we face in our two study sites using MABI instrument. In addition, we investigate the source apportionment of black carbon in PM2.5 fraction. We observe that the mass absorption coefficient of PM_2.5is higher than that of PM_2.5-10. The average concentration of BC at Hlm and Yoff were 1.85 ± 0.37 and 2.69 ± 0.54 μg.m⁻³ respectively, whereas the average concentrations of BC_BB were 0.003 ± 0.0007 and 0.08 ± 0.01 μg.m⁻³, respectively and for BC_FFwere 1.85 ± 0.37 and 2.61 ± 0.53μg.m⁻³. The BC from at Yoff has two compounds with 2.97% of Biomass burning and 97, 03% of Fossil fuels in contrast to Hlm site the black carbon was mainly composed of fossil fuels in Dakar, the fossil fuels are mainly source of the black carbon.

Published in	International Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences (Volume 7, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijaos.20230702.11
Page(s)	23-30
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

BC, BC_FF, BC_BB, PM, MABI

References

[1]	Elichegaray, C. (2001). Département Air à l’Agence de l’environnement et de la maîtrise de l’énergie (ADEME). Pollut. Atmosphérique.
[2]	Li, W.; Bai, Z.; Liu, A.; Chen, J.; Chen, l. (2009). Characteristics for major PM2.5 componentsduring winter in Tianjin, China. Aerosol Air Qual. Res., 9, 105–119. [CrossRef].
[3]	Katsouyanni, K.; Touloumi, G.; Samoli, E.; Gryparis, A.; Le Tertre, A.; Monopolis, Y.; Rossi, G.; Zmirou, D.; Ballester, F.; Boumghar, A.; et al. (2001). Confounding and effect modification in the short-term effects of ambient particles on total mortality: Results from 29 European cities within the APHEA2 Project. Epidemiology, 12, 521–531. [CrossRef] [PubMed].
[4]	Liu, Y.; Daum, P. H. (2002). Anthropogenic aerosols: Indirect warming effect from dispersion forcing. Nature, 419, 580–581. [CrossRef].
[5]	Begum, B. A., Hossain, A., Nahar, N., Markwitz, A., Hopke, P. K. (2012). Organic and Black Carbon in PM_2.5at an Urban Site at Dhaka, Bangladesh. Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 12: 1062-1072.
[6]	Mayol-Bracero, O., Gabriel, R., Andreae, M., Kirchstetter, T., Novakov, T., Ogren, J., Sheridan, P., and Streets, D., (2007). Carbonaceous Aerosols over the Indian Ocean during the Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX): Chemical Characterization, Optical Properties, and Probable Sources. J. Geophysics Research. 107: 8030.
[7]	Bond, T. C., (2007). Can Warming Particles Enter Global Climate Discussions? Environmental Research Letter 2, pp 208.
[8]	Bond, T. C. and Bergstrom, R. W. 2006: Light Absorption by Carbonaceous Particles: An Investigative Review, Aerosol Sci. 220 Technol., 40 (1), 27–67, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786820500421521,
[9]	Jacobson, M. Z. (2001): Strong radiative heating due to the mixing state of black carbon in atmospheric aerosols, Nature, 409 (6821), 695–697, https://doi.org/10.1038/35055518,
[10]	Liu, Q., Ma, T., Olson, M. R., Liu, Y., Zhang, T., Wu, Y. and Schauer, J. J. 2016: Temporal variations of black carbon during haze and non-haze days in Beijing, Sci.Rep., 6 (1), 33331, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep33331.
[11]	Horvath, H. (1993): Atmospheric light absorption—A review, Atmos. Environ. Part A. Gen. Top., 27 (3), 293–317, https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-1686(93)90104-7.
[12]	Petzold, A., Ogren, J. A., Fiebig, M., Laj, P., Li, S. M., Baltensperger, U., Holzer-Popp, T., Kinne, S., Pappalardo, G., Sugimoto, N., Wehrli, C., Wiedensohler, A. and Zhang, X. Y. 2013: Recommendations for reporting black carbon measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13 (16), 8365–8379, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8365-2013
[13]	Yan, B.; Kennedy, D.; Miller, R. L.; Cowin, J. P.; Jung, K.-h.; Perzanowski, M.; Balletta, M.; Perera, F. P.; Kinney, P. L.; Chillrud, S. N. (2011). Validating a nondestructive optical method for apportioning colored particulate matter into black carbon and additional components. Atmos. Environ. 45, 7478–7486. [CrossRef].
[14]	Sharma, S.; Brook, J. R.; Cachier, H.; Chow, J.; Gaudenzi, A.; Lu, G. (2002). Light absorption and thermal measurements of black carbon in different regions of Canada. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 107, AAC 11-1–AAC 11-11. [CrossRef].
[15]	Ran, L.; Deng, Z. Z.; Wang, P. C.; Xia, X. A. (2016). Black carbon and wavelength-dependent aerosol absorption in the North China Plain based on two-year aethalometer measurements. Atmos. Environ. 142, 132–144. [CrossRef].
[16]	Sandradewi, J., Prévôt, A. S. H., Weingartner, E., Schmidhauser, R., Gysel, M., Baltensperger, U., (2008). A study of wood burning and traffic aerosols in an Alpine valley using a multi wavelength Aethalometer. Atmos. Environ. 42, 101–112.
[17]	Herich, H., Hueglin, C., Buchmann, B., (2011). A 2.5 year's source apportionment study of black carbon from wood burning and fossil fuel combustion at urban and rural sites in Switzerland. Atmos. Meas. Tech. 4, 1409–1420.
[18]	Zotter, P., Herich, H., Gysel, M., El-Haddad, I., Zhang, Y., Močnik, G., Hüglin, C., Baltensperger, U., Szidat, S., Prévôt, A. S., (2017). Evaluation of the absorption Ångström exponents for traffic and wood burning in the Aethalometer-based source apportionment using radiocarbon measurements of ambient aerosol. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 17, 4229–4249.
[19]	Healy, R., Sofowote, U., Su, Y., Debosz, J., Noble, M., Jeong, C.-H., Wang, J., Hilker, N., Evans, G., Doerksen, G., (2017). Ambient measurements and source apportionment of fossil fuel and biomass burning black carbon in Ontario. Atmos. Environ. 161, 34–47.
[20]	Davy, P. M., Tremper, A. H., Nicolosi, E. M., Quincey, P., Fuller, G. W. J. A. E. (2017). Estimating particulate black carbon concentrations using two offline light absorption methods applied to four types of filter media, Atmospheric Environment 152, pp. 24-33.
[21]	Ezani, E.; Dhandapani, S.; Heal, M. R.; Praveena, S. M.; Khan, M. F.; Ramly, Z. T. A. (2021). Characteristics and Source Apportionment of Black Carbon (BC) in a Suburban Area of Klang Valley, Malaysia. Atmosphere, 12, 784. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/atmos12060784.
[22]	Kebe, M.; Traore, A.; Manousakas, M. I.; Vasilatou, V.; Ndao, A. S.; Wague, A.; Eleftheriadis, K. (2021). Source Apportionment and Assessment of Air Quality Index of PM2.5–10 and PM2.5 in at Two Different Sites in Urban Background Area in Senegal. Atmosphere, 12, 182. https://doi.org/10.3390/ atmos12020182
[23]	David D. Cohen (2020): Summary of Light Absorbing Carbon and Visibility Measurements and Terms. ANSTO External Report ER- 790, ISBN – 1 921268 32 8.
[24]	Manohar, M., Atanacio, A., Button, D., Cohen, D., (2021). MABI - A multi-wavelength absorption black carbon instrument for the measurement of fine light absorbing carbon particles, Atmospheric Pollution Research, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2021.02.009.].
[25]	B. A. J. Ammerlaan, R. Holzinger, A. D. Jedynsk, J. S. Henzing, (2017). Technical note: Aerosol light absorption measurements with a carbon analyzer Calibration and precision estimates. Atmospheric Environment, 164, 1-7.
[26]	Horvath, H., (1993). Atmospheric light absorption – A Review. Atmospheric Environment 27, 293-317.
[27]	E. Weingartnera, H. Saatho, M. Schnaiter, N. Streit, B. Bitnar, U. Baltensperger. (2003). Absorption of light by soot particles: determination of the absorption coeffcient by means of aethalometers. Aerosol Science 34, 1445–1463.
[28]	Wu, Y., Yan, P., Tian, P., Tao, J., Li, L., Chen, J., Zhang, Y., Cao, N., Chen, C., Zhang, R., (2015). Spectral light absorption of ambient aerosols in urban Beijing during summer: An intercomparison of measurements from a range of instruments, Journal of Aerosol Air Quality Research 15, pp. 1178-1187.
[29]	Mousavi, A.; Sowlat, M. H.; Lovett, C.; Rauber, M.; Szidat, S.; Boffi, R.; Borgini, A.; De Marco, C.; Ruprecht, A. A.; (2019). Sioutas, C. Source apportionment of black carbon (BC) from fossil fuel and biomass burning in metropolitan Milan, Italy. Atmos. Environ. 203, 252–261. [CrossRef],
[30]	Kiran, V. R.; Talukdar, S.; Ratnam, M. V.; Jayaraman, A. (2018). Long-term observations of black carbon aerosol over a rural location in southern peninsular India: Role of dynamics and meteorology. Atmos. Environ. 189, 264–274. [CrossRef].
[31]	Xiao, S.; Yu, X.; Zhu, B.; Kumar, K. R.; Li, M.; Li, L. (2020). Characterization and source apportionment of black carbon aerosol in the Nanjing Jiangbei New Area based on two years of measurements from Aethalometer. J. Aerosol Sci. 139, 105461. [CrossRef].
[32]	Taha, G., Box, G. P., Cohen, D. D., Stelcer, E., (2007). Black carbon measurement using laser integrating plate method, Journal of Aerosol Science Technology 41, pp. 266-276.
[33]	Laskin, A., Laskin, J., Nizkorodov, S. A., (2015). Chemistry of atmospheric brown carbon. Chem. Rev. 115, 4335–4382.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Alassane Traore, Moustapha Kebe, Malick Sow, Vasiliki Vasilatou, Ababacar Sadikhe Ndao, et al. (2023). Analysis of Black Carbon Concentrations in PM2.5-10 and PM2.5 Fractions by MABI Instrument in Two Urban Areas of Dakar, Senegal. International Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, 7(2), 23-30. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaos.20230702.11

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Alassane Traore; Moustapha Kebe; Malick Sow; Vasiliki Vasilatou; Ababacar Sadikhe Ndao, et al. Analysis of Black Carbon Concentrations in PM2.5-10 and PM2.5 Fractions by MABI Instrument in Two Urban Areas of Dakar, Senegal. Int. J. Atmos. Oceanic Sci. 2023, 7(2), 23-30. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaos.20230702.11

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Alassane Traore, Moustapha Kebe, Malick Sow, Vasiliki Vasilatou, Ababacar Sadikhe Ndao, et al. Analysis of Black Carbon Concentrations in PM2.5-10 and PM2.5 Fractions by MABI Instrument in Two Urban Areas of Dakar, Senegal. Int J Atmos Oceanic Sci. 2023;7(2):23-30. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaos.20230702.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijaos.20230702.11,
  author = {Alassane Traore and Moustapha Kebe and Malick Sow and Vasiliki Vasilatou and Ababacar Sadikhe Ndao and Konstantinos Eleftheriadis},
  title = {Analysis of Black Carbon Concentrations in PM2.5-10 and PM2.5 Fractions by MABI Instrument in Two Urban Areas of Dakar, Senegal},
  journal = {International Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {23-30},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijaos.20230702.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaos.20230702.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijaos.20230702.11},
  abstract = {Black carbon (BC) is a particular pollutant that absorbs visible light and can intervene in the climatic change with irradiance. The sources of BC emissions are known, such as incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and biomass burning. Our study focuses on two sites Hlm and Yoff in Dakar, Senegal in order to determine the mass absorption coefficient of BC in our polycarbonate nucleopore filters from November 2018 to October 2019 so as to collect PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 we face in our two study sites using MABI instrument. In addition, we investigate the source apportionment of black carbon in PM2.5 fraction. We observe that the mass absorption coefficient of PM2.5 is higher than that of PM2.5-10. The average concentration of BC at Hlm and Yoff were 1.85 ± 0.37 and 2.69 ± 0.54 μg.m−3 respectively, whereas the average concentrations of BCBB were 0.003 ± 0.0007 and 0.08 ± 0.01 μg.m−3, respectively and for BCFF were 1.85 ± 0.37 and 2.61 ± 0.53μg.m−3. The BC from at Yoff has two compounds with 2.97% of Biomass burning and 97, 03% of Fossil fuels in contrast to Hlm site the black carbon was mainly composed of fossil fuels in Dakar, the fossil fuels are mainly source of the black carbon.},
 year = {2023}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Analysis of Black Carbon Concentrations in PM2.5-10 and PM2.5 Fractions by MABI Instrument in Two Urban Areas of Dakar, Senegal
AU  - Alassane Traore
AU  - Moustapha Kebe
AU  - Malick Sow
AU  - Vasiliki Vasilatou
AU  - Ababacar Sadikhe Ndao
AU  - Konstantinos Eleftheriadis
Y1  - 2023/10/08
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaos.20230702.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijaos.20230702.11
T2  - International Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences
JO  - International Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences
SP  - 23
EP  - 30
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-1150
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaos.20230702.11
AB  - Black carbon (BC) is a particular pollutant that absorbs visible light and can intervene in the climatic change with irradiance. The sources of BC emissions are known, such as incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and biomass burning. Our study focuses on two sites Hlm and Yoff in Dakar, Senegal in order to determine the mass absorption coefficient of BC in our polycarbonate nucleopore filters from November 2018 to October 2019 so as to collect PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 we face in our two study sites using MABI instrument. In addition, we investigate the source apportionment of black carbon in PM2.5 fraction. We observe that the mass absorption coefficient of PM2.5 is higher than that of PM2.5-10. The average concentration of BC at Hlm and Yoff were 1.85 ± 0.37 and 2.69 ± 0.54 μg.m−3 respectively, whereas the average concentrations of BCBB were 0.003 ± 0.0007 and 0.08 ± 0.01 μg.m−3, respectively and for BCFF were 1.85 ± 0.37 and 2.61 ± 0.53μg.m−3. The BC from at Yoff has two compounds with 2.97% of Biomass burning and 97, 03% of Fossil fuels in contrast to Hlm site the black carbon was mainly composed of fossil fuels in Dakar, the fossil fuels are mainly source of the black carbon.
VL  - 7
IS  - 2
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Alassane Traore

Faculty des Sciences et Techniques, University Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
Moustapha Kebe

Faculty des Sciences et Techniques, University Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
Malick Sow

Faculty des Sciences et Techniques, University Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
Vasiliki Vasilatou

Environmental Radioactivity & Aerosol technology for Atmospheric and Climate Impact N. C. S. R. Demokritos, Agia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece
Ababacar Sadikhe Ndao

Faculty des Sciences et Techniques, University Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
Konstantinos Eleftheriadis

Environmental Radioactivity & Aerosol technology for Atmospheric and Climate Impact N. C. S. R. Demokritos, Agia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Alassane Traore, Moustapha Kebe, Malick Sow, Vasiliki Vasilatou, Ababacar Sadikhe Ndao, et al. (2023). Analysis of Black Carbon Concentrations in PM2.5-10 and PM2.5 Fractions by MABI Instrument in Two Urban Areas of Dakar, Senegal. International Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, 7(2), 23-30. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaos.20230702.11

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Alassane Traore; Moustapha Kebe; Malick Sow; Vasiliki Vasilatou; Ababacar Sadikhe Ndao, et al. Analysis of Black Carbon Concentrations in PM2.5-10 and PM2.5 Fractions by MABI Instrument in Two Urban Areas of Dakar, Senegal. Int. J. Atmos. Oceanic Sci. 2023, 7(2), 23-30. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaos.20230702.11

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Alassane Traore, Moustapha Kebe, Malick Sow, Vasiliki Vasilatou, Ababacar Sadikhe Ndao, et al. Analysis of Black Carbon Concentrations in PM2.5-10 and PM2.5 Fractions by MABI Instrument in Two Urban Areas of Dakar, Senegal. Int J Atmos Oceanic Sci. 2023;7(2):23-30. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaos.20230702.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijaos.20230702.11,
  author = {Alassane Traore and Moustapha Kebe and Malick Sow and Vasiliki Vasilatou and Ababacar Sadikhe Ndao and Konstantinos Eleftheriadis},
  title = {Analysis of Black Carbon Concentrations in PM2.5-10 and PM2.5 Fractions by MABI Instrument in Two Urban Areas of Dakar, Senegal},
  journal = {International Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {23-30},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijaos.20230702.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaos.20230702.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijaos.20230702.11},
  abstract = {Black carbon (BC) is a particular pollutant that absorbs visible light and can intervene in the climatic change with irradiance. The sources of BC emissions are known, such as incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and biomass burning. Our study focuses on two sites Hlm and Yoff in Dakar, Senegal in order to determine the mass absorption coefficient of BC in our polycarbonate nucleopore filters from November 2018 to October 2019 so as to collect PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 we face in our two study sites using MABI instrument. In addition, we investigate the source apportionment of black carbon in PM2.5 fraction. We observe that the mass absorption coefficient of PM2.5 is higher than that of PM2.5-10. The average concentration of BC at Hlm and Yoff were 1.85 ± 0.37 and 2.69 ± 0.54 μg.m−3 respectively, whereas the average concentrations of BCBB were 0.003 ± 0.0007 and 0.08 ± 0.01 μg.m−3, respectively and for BCFF were 1.85 ± 0.37 and 2.61 ± 0.53μg.m−3. The BC from at Yoff has two compounds with 2.97% of Biomass burning and 97, 03% of Fossil fuels in contrast to Hlm site the black carbon was mainly composed of fossil fuels in Dakar, the fossil fuels are mainly source of the black carbon.},
 year = {2023}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Analysis of Black Carbon Concentrations in PM2.5-10 and PM2.5 Fractions by MABI Instrument in Two Urban Areas of Dakar, Senegal
AU  - Alassane Traore
AU  - Moustapha Kebe
AU  - Malick Sow
AU  - Vasiliki Vasilatou
AU  - Ababacar Sadikhe Ndao
AU  - Konstantinos Eleftheriadis
Y1  - 2023/10/08
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaos.20230702.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijaos.20230702.11
T2  - International Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences
JO  - International Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences
SP  - 23
EP  - 30
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-1150
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaos.20230702.11
AB  - Black carbon (BC) is a particular pollutant that absorbs visible light and can intervene in the climatic change with irradiance. The sources of BC emissions are known, such as incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and biomass burning. Our study focuses on two sites Hlm and Yoff in Dakar, Senegal in order to determine the mass absorption coefficient of BC in our polycarbonate nucleopore filters from November 2018 to October 2019 so as to collect PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 we face in our two study sites using MABI instrument. In addition, we investigate the source apportionment of black carbon in PM2.5 fraction. We observe that the mass absorption coefficient of PM2.5 is higher than that of PM2.5-10. The average concentration of BC at Hlm and Yoff were 1.85 ± 0.37 and 2.69 ± 0.54 μg.m−3 respectively, whereas the average concentrations of BCBB were 0.003 ± 0.0007 and 0.08 ± 0.01 μg.m−3, respectively and for BCFF were 1.85 ± 0.37 and 2.61 ± 0.53μg.m−3. The BC from at Yoff has two compounds with 2.97% of Biomass burning and 97, 03% of Fossil fuels in contrast to Hlm site the black carbon was mainly composed of fossil fuels in Dakar, the fossil fuels are mainly source of the black carbon.
VL  - 7
IS  - 2
ER  -

Copy | Download