Prevalence of Highly Multi-Drug Resistant <i>Salmonella</i> Fecal Carriage Among Food Handlers in Lower Basic Schools in The Gambia

Abou Kebbeh; Bryan Anderson; Haruna S. Jallow; Olliemattou Sagnia; Joseph Mendy; Yaya Camara; Saffiatou Darboe; Sana M. Sambou; Ignatious Baldeh; Bakary Sanneh

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijnfs.20170601.17

Prevalence of Highly Multi-Drug Resistant Salmonella Fecal Carriage Among Food Handlers in Lower Basic Schools in The Gambia

Abou Kebbeh, Bryan Anderson, Haruna S. Jallow, Olliemattou Sagnia, Joseph Mendy, Yaya Camara, Saffiatou Darboe, Sana M. Sambou, Ignatious Baldeh, Bakary Sanneh

Published in International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences (Volume 6, Issue 1)

Received: 6 December 2016 Accepted: 26 December 2016 Published: 23 January 2017

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Abstract

Background: Salmonella spp are among the most common food borne pathogens. Food handlers play an important role in the production of food products, in which they can contribute to the transmission of salmonellosis. The probability of food contamination depends mainly on the health status and personal hygiene of the food handlers and their choice of managing their health could give rise to contamination of food by multi drug resistant bacteria. Multi Drug Resistance is of global concern and poses a public health threat in combating diseases. In the developing countries there is paucity on the prevalence of salmonella carriage among food handlers. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of salmonella and to determine their antimicrobial resistance pattern. Method: A total of 500 stool samples from different food handlers were collected and analyzed with completed questionnaires. For standard isolation and identification of salmonella isolates; stool samples were enriched in buffered peptone water, standard culture and biochemical tests were used. Antimicrobial susceptibility Test (AST) was carried out using Clinical Laboratory and Standard Institute (CLSI-2015) protocol disc diffusion method. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 and Microsoft excel version 2010 to determine the risk factors. Results: Of 500 participants with the mean age of 38.15, 497(99.4%) were all females. Most of the participants wash their hands under running water and 271(54.2%) were certified on food handling. Among the risk factors, consuming medicines/antibiotics from street vendors showed statistical significant of salmonella carriage with (P=0.011). It was found that 13(2.6%) were salmonella carriers. AST performed on the 13 isolates show that; 13(100%), 12(92.3%), 7(53.8%), 9(69.2%) and 9(69.2%) were resistant to Ampicillin, Erythromycin, and Tetracycline, ceftriaxone and cefotaxime respectively. And 13(100%), 12(92.3%) and 7(53.8) were sensitive to Imipenem, chloramphenicol and gentamycin respectively. Conclusion: This study had found multidrug resistant salmonella isolates carriers amongst food handlers who could serve as potential reservoirs for the transmission of these infections in the communities. Thus, it is crucial to implement regular screening of food handlers and health education on food safety.

Published in	International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences (Volume 6, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijnfs.20170601.17
Page(s)	39-44
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test, Food handlers, Salmonella, The Gambia

References

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Abou Kebbeh, Bryan Anderson, Haruna S. Jallow, Olliemattou Sagnia, Joseph Mendy, et al. (2017). Prevalence of Highly Multi-Drug Resistant Salmonella Fecal Carriage Among Food Handlers in Lower Basic Schools in The Gambia. International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 6(1), 39-44. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20170601.17

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ACS Style

Abou Kebbeh; Bryan Anderson; Haruna S. Jallow; Olliemattou Sagnia; Joseph Mendy, et al. Prevalence of Highly Multi-Drug Resistant Salmonella Fecal Carriage Among Food Handlers in Lower Basic Schools in The Gambia. Int. J. Nutr. Food Sci. 2017, 6(1), 39-44. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20170601.17

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AMA Style

Abou Kebbeh, Bryan Anderson, Haruna S. Jallow, Olliemattou Sagnia, Joseph Mendy, et al. Prevalence of Highly Multi-Drug Resistant Salmonella Fecal Carriage Among Food Handlers in Lower Basic Schools in The Gambia. Int J Nutr Food Sci. 2017;6(1):39-44. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20170601.17

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@article{10.11648/j.ijnfs.20170601.17,
  author = {Abou Kebbeh and Bryan Anderson and Haruna S. Jallow and Olliemattou Sagnia and Joseph Mendy and Yaya Camara and Saffiatou Darboe and Sana M. Sambou and Ignatious Baldeh and Bakary Sanneh},
  title = {Prevalence of Highly Multi-Drug Resistant Salmonella Fecal Carriage Among Food Handlers in Lower Basic Schools in The Gambia},
  journal = {International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {39-44},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijnfs.20170601.17},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20170601.17},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijnfs.20170601.17},
  abstract = {Background: Salmonella spp are among the most common food borne pathogens. Food handlers play an important role in the production of food products, in which they can contribute to the transmission of salmonellosis. The probability of food contamination depends mainly on the health status and personal hygiene of the food handlers and their choice of managing their health could give rise to contamination of food by multi drug resistant bacteria. Multi Drug Resistance is of global concern and poses a public health threat in combating diseases. In the developing countries there is paucity on the prevalence of salmonella carriage among food handlers. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of salmonella and to determine their antimicrobial resistance pattern. Method: A total of 500 stool samples from different food handlers were collected and analyzed with completed questionnaires. For standard isolation and identification of salmonella isolates; stool samples were enriched in buffered peptone water, standard culture and biochemical tests were used. Antimicrobial susceptibility Test (AST) was carried out using Clinical Laboratory and Standard Institute (CLSI-2015) protocol disc diffusion method. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 and Microsoft excel version 2010 to determine the risk factors. Results: Of 500 participants with the mean age of 38.15, 497(99.4%) were all females. Most of the participants wash their hands under running water and 271(54.2%) were certified on food handling. Among the risk factors, consuming medicines/antibiotics from street vendors showed statistical significant of salmonella carriage with (P=0.011). It was found that 13(2.6%) were salmonella carriers. AST performed on the 13 isolates show that; 13(100%), 12(92.3%), 7(53.8%), 9(69.2%) and 9(69.2%) were resistant to Ampicillin, Erythromycin, and Tetracycline, ceftriaxone and cefotaxime respectively. And 13(100%), 12(92.3%) and 7(53.8) were sensitive to Imipenem, chloramphenicol and gentamycin respectively. Conclusion: This study had found multidrug resistant salmonella isolates carriers amongst food handlers who could serve as potential reservoirs for the transmission of these infections in the communities. Thus, it is crucial to implement regular screening of food handlers and health education on food safety.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Prevalence of Highly Multi-Drug Resistant Salmonella Fecal Carriage Among Food Handlers in Lower Basic Schools in The Gambia
AU - Abou Kebbeh
AU - Bryan Anderson
AU - Haruna S. Jallow
AU - Olliemattou Sagnia
AU - Joseph Mendy
AU - Yaya Camara
AU - Saffiatou Darboe
AU - Sana M. Sambou
AU - Ignatious Baldeh
AU - Bakary Sanneh
Y1 - 2017/01/23
PY - 2017
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20170601.17
DO - 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20170601.17
T2 - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
JF - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
JO - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
SP - 39
EP - 44
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2327-2716
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20170601.17
AB - Background: Salmonella spp are among the most common food borne pathogens. Food handlers play an important role in the production of food products, in which they can contribute to the transmission of salmonellosis. The probability of food contamination depends mainly on the health status and personal hygiene of the food handlers and their choice of managing their health could give rise to contamination of food by multi drug resistant bacteria. Multi Drug Resistance is of global concern and poses a public health threat in combating diseases. In the developing countries there is paucity on the prevalence of salmonella carriage among food handlers. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of salmonella and to determine their antimicrobial resistance pattern. Method: A total of 500 stool samples from different food handlers were collected and analyzed with completed questionnaires. For standard isolation and identification of salmonella isolates; stool samples were enriched in buffered peptone water, standard culture and biochemical tests were used. Antimicrobial susceptibility Test (AST) was carried out using Clinical Laboratory and Standard Institute (CLSI-2015) protocol disc diffusion method. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 and Microsoft excel version 2010 to determine the risk factors. Results: Of 500 participants with the mean age of 38.15, 497(99.4%) were all females. Most of the participants wash their hands under running water and 271(54.2%) were certified on food handling. Among the risk factors, consuming medicines/antibiotics from street vendors showed statistical significant of salmonella carriage with (P=0.011). It was found that 13(2.6%) were salmonella carriers. AST performed on the 13 isolates show that; 13(100%), 12(92.3%), 7(53.8%), 9(69.2%) and 9(69.2%) were resistant to Ampicillin, Erythromycin, and Tetracycline, ceftriaxone and cefotaxime respectively. And 13(100%), 12(92.3%) and 7(53.8) were sensitive to Imipenem, chloramphenicol and gentamycin respectively. Conclusion: This study had found multidrug resistant salmonella isolates carriers amongst food handlers who could serve as potential reservoirs for the transmission of these infections in the communities. Thus, it is crucial to implement regular screening of food handlers and health education on food safety.
VL - 6
IS - 1
ER -

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Author Information

Abou Kebbeh

National Public Health Laboratories, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Kotu Layout, Kotu, The Gambia
Bryan Anderson

College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa, United States of America
Haruna S. Jallow

National Public Health Laboratories, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Kotu Layout, Kotu, The Gambia
Olliemattou Sagnia

National Public Health Laboratories, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Kotu Layout, Kotu, The Gambia
Joseph Mendy

National Public Health Laboratories, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Kotu Layout, Kotu, The Gambia
Yaya Camara

Epidemiology and Disease Control Department, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Kotu Layout, Kotu, The Gambia
Saffiatou Darboe

Department of Microbiology, Medical Research Council Unit, Fajara, The Gambia
Sana M. Sambou

Epidemiology and Disease Control Department, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Kotu Layout, Kotu, The Gambia
Ignatious Baldeh

National Public Health Laboratories, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Kotu Layout, Kotu, The Gambia
Bakary Sanneh

National Public Health Laboratories, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Kotu Layout, Kotu, The Gambia

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Abou Kebbeh, Bryan Anderson, Haruna S. Jallow, Olliemattou Sagnia, Joseph Mendy, et al. (2017). Prevalence of Highly Multi-Drug Resistant Salmonella Fecal Carriage Among Food Handlers in Lower Basic Schools in The Gambia. International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 6(1), 39-44. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20170601.17

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Abou Kebbeh; Bryan Anderson; Haruna S. Jallow; Olliemattou Sagnia; Joseph Mendy, et al. Prevalence of Highly Multi-Drug Resistant Salmonella Fecal Carriage Among Food Handlers in Lower Basic Schools in The Gambia. Int. J. Nutr. Food Sci. 2017, 6(1), 39-44. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20170601.17

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AMA Style

Abou Kebbeh, Bryan Anderson, Haruna S. Jallow, Olliemattou Sagnia, Joseph Mendy, et al. Prevalence of Highly Multi-Drug Resistant Salmonella Fecal Carriage Among Food Handlers in Lower Basic Schools in The Gambia. Int J Nutr Food Sci. 2017;6(1):39-44. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20170601.17

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@article{10.11648/j.ijnfs.20170601.17,
  author = {Abou Kebbeh and Bryan Anderson and Haruna S. Jallow and Olliemattou Sagnia and Joseph Mendy and Yaya Camara and Saffiatou Darboe and Sana M. Sambou and Ignatious Baldeh and Bakary Sanneh},
  title = {Prevalence of Highly Multi-Drug Resistant Salmonella Fecal Carriage Among Food Handlers in Lower Basic Schools in The Gambia},
  journal = {International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {39-44},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijnfs.20170601.17},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20170601.17},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijnfs.20170601.17},
  abstract = {Background: Salmonella spp are among the most common food borne pathogens. Food handlers play an important role in the production of food products, in which they can contribute to the transmission of salmonellosis. The probability of food contamination depends mainly on the health status and personal hygiene of the food handlers and their choice of managing their health could give rise to contamination of food by multi drug resistant bacteria. Multi Drug Resistance is of global concern and poses a public health threat in combating diseases. In the developing countries there is paucity on the prevalence of salmonella carriage among food handlers. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of salmonella and to determine their antimicrobial resistance pattern. Method: A total of 500 stool samples from different food handlers were collected and analyzed with completed questionnaires. For standard isolation and identification of salmonella isolates; stool samples were enriched in buffered peptone water, standard culture and biochemical tests were used. Antimicrobial susceptibility Test (AST) was carried out using Clinical Laboratory and Standard Institute (CLSI-2015) protocol disc diffusion method. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 and Microsoft excel version 2010 to determine the risk factors. Results: Of 500 participants with the mean age of 38.15, 497(99.4%) were all females. Most of the participants wash their hands under running water and 271(54.2%) were certified on food handling. Among the risk factors, consuming medicines/antibiotics from street vendors showed statistical significant of salmonella carriage with (P=0.011). It was found that 13(2.6%) were salmonella carriers. AST performed on the 13 isolates show that; 13(100%), 12(92.3%), 7(53.8%), 9(69.2%) and 9(69.2%) were resistant to Ampicillin, Erythromycin, and Tetracycline, ceftriaxone and cefotaxime respectively. And 13(100%), 12(92.3%) and 7(53.8) were sensitive to Imipenem, chloramphenicol and gentamycin respectively. Conclusion: This study had found multidrug resistant salmonella isolates carriers amongst food handlers who could serve as potential reservoirs for the transmission of these infections in the communities. Thus, it is crucial to implement regular screening of food handlers and health education on food safety.},
 year = {2017}
}

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