Artificial intelligence, particularly deep learning, is a rapidly evolving area of cutting-edge research. Its applications in the field of medicine, especially diagnostic imaging, are becoming clearer and more revolutionary day-by-day, making it imperative for journals focused on such topics to provide an avenue for researchers to share such work. This special issue will allow for a targeted discussion on recent advances such as the creation of improved algorithms, better neural network architectures, applications to novel areas, and gains in models’ performance, among others. As the amount of data available in the medical field continues to grow, the focus shifts from logistical issues of collecting data to the application of efficient and accurate computational models for diagnosis and screening that fit well in the clinical workflow. Through this diversity of topics, the special issue will serve as a wide-ranging and accessible guide to both beginners in the field, such as undergraduates, as well as experts. By evaluating the performance of various approaches and models, clinicians and AI researchers alike will gain a better understanding of the clinical needs, challenges, and potential of AI.