There is no doubt that the world needs to respond appropriately to the growing global demand for high-quality protein food that is considered environmental sustainability. Food security can be improved by increasing the sustainable production and processing of proteins in the world by targeting high protein seed crops (quinoa, amaranth and buckwheat) and protein rich grain legumes (lupine, faba bean, chickpea, lentil and soybean) to replace animal protein for human consumption.

The assessment of agronomic and quality traits such us improving weed control, nutritional quality, and optimizing plant–soil microbe interactions associated with climate adaptation needs to be fully integrated into plant protein breeding programs worldwide by cultivating improved protein-crops varieties that are able to produce high yields in low-chemical-input environments, as well as improving crop management such us crop rotation, use precision farming systems, and organic farming approaches.

This Special Issue, entitled “Plant Protein Breeding for the Sustainability of Agroecosystems”, focuses on new and innovative approaches to making modern agriculture more sustainable, as well as on strategies for enhancing plant protein productivity.