Review of EIA in East Africa: Challenges and Opportunities in Ethiopia and Kenya
Abebe Temesgen Gebreyesus,
Sammy Koskei,
Yaoliang Shen,
Feiyue Qian
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, August 2017
Pages:
44-50
Received:
30 May 2017
Accepted:
14 June 2017
Published:
20 July 2017
Abstract: Environment is vital medium for the ecosystems to be sustained, however human beings have put pressure on it, due to recent rise in populations and rapid industrialization. These have led to uncontrolled anthropogenic activities, which interferes with natural ecosystems and affects sustainability of development. For this reason, Ethiopia and Kenya decided to adopt and implement the Environmental impact assessment (EIA) tool, so as to make sure the environment is protected and sustained. This paper focuses on the common challenges in both East African nations in order to increase accountability and transparency during implementation of any project. It also comprises EIA guidelines comparison based on principles and procedure of EIA and indicates possible way out in which EIA might be used more productively in the future.
Abstract: Environment is vital medium for the ecosystems to be sustained, however human beings have put pressure on it, due to recent rise in populations and rapid industrialization. These have led to uncontrolled anthropogenic activities, which interferes with natural ecosystems and affects sustainability of development. For this reason, Ethiopia and Kenya ...
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Collision of Indian Plate and Indus Tsangpo Suture Zone: Some Geological Constraints
Zahid Ali Khan,
Ram Chandra Tewari,
Rabindra Nath Hota
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, August 2017
Pages:
51-62
Received:
26 July 2017
Accepted:
8 August 2017
Published:
17 August 2017
Abstract: The occurrence of Gondwana affinity Permo-Carboniferous glacial deposits in northern Tibet, Lhasa Block and Qiangtang Block obviously suggests that India continued into Tibet at that time. Significant also is that paleoclimatic continuity was maintained over landmass of India and Tibet from Paleozoic through the Cenozoic eras up to the Pleistocene. The age and origin of the Indus-Tsangpo Suture (ITS) is doubtful because the ophiolites are about 100 Ma older than the supposed collision. Similarly, the progressive under-thrusting of the Indian plate below the Tibetan plate is deemed unlikely, as the ophiolites must have formed an 8-20 km thick wall between the two plates and it was not possible for the Indian Plate to cross it. Probably the apparent northward migration of India indicates a northward migration of the North Pole. Similarly, there is no explanation for the fact that, if underthrusting has taken place, why did the Himalayan uplift occur some 500 km from the Indus-Tsangpo suture instead of being along the collision zone itself, negate under thrusting. The double thickness of the crust in Tibet is not a unique feature in that it continues south of the so-called Indus-Tsangpo suture, as also in the Pamir; it is of about the same order in the Andes. Whereas the Tibetan glacial indicate that India and Tibet were not separated in the Carboniferous, Lystrosaurus fauna suggests it for the Lower Triassic and the ophiolites for the Jurassic-Cretaceous. The development of rift valleys and normal faults cutting across the Indus-Tsangpo suture (ITS) shows that even in the Quaternary India and Tibet was together. Indeed, the measured Cambrian diameter is 50% of the Earth where as in Upper Permian it was about 55-60% with the North Pole near Verkhoyansk and the South Pole to the southeast of South Africa. Evidently the Earth is expanding and the rate of expansion has progressively accelerated through time is supported by decline in the gravitational constant from about one third to about one half of the present from Precambrian up to Mesozoic.
Abstract: The occurrence of Gondwana affinity Permo-Carboniferous glacial deposits in northern Tibet, Lhasa Block and Qiangtang Block obviously suggests that India continued into Tibet at that time. Significant also is that paleoclimatic continuity was maintained over landmass of India and Tibet from Paleozoic through the Cenozoic eras up to the Pleistocene....
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