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Optimisation of Acid Hydrolysis in Ethanol Production from Prosopis Juliflora
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2014
Pages:
127-132
Received:
29 November 2014
Accepted:
17 December 2014
Published:
22 December 2014
Abstract: Lignocellulosic materials (eg.Prosopis juliflora) can be utilized to produce ethanol, a promising alternative energy source for the limited crude oil. This study involved optimization of acid hydrolysis in ethanol production from prosopis juliflora. The conversion of prosopis juliflora to ethanol can be achieved mainly by three process steps: pretreatment of prosopis juliflora wood to remove lignin and hemicellulose, acid hydrolysis of pretreated prosopis juliflora to convert cellulose into reducing sugar (glucose) and fermentation of the sugars to ethanol using Saccharomyces cerevisiae in anaerobic condition. A two level full factorial design with four factors, two levels and two replicas (24*2=32 experimental runs) was applied to optimize acid hydrolysis and study the interaction effects of acid hydrolysis factors, namely, acid concentration, solid fraction, temperature, and time. An optimization was carried out to optimize acid hydrolysis process variables so as to determine the best acid concentration, solid fraction, temperature, and contact time that resulted maximum ethanol yield. The screening of significant acid hydrolysis factors were done by using the two-level full factorial design using design expert® 7 software. The statistical analysis showed that the ethanol yield of (40.91% (g/g)) was obtained at optimised acid hydrolysis variables of 0.5%v/v acid concentration, 5%w/w solid fraction, 105.01°C temperature, and 10 minutes hydrolysis time.
Abstract: Lignocellulosic materials (eg.Prosopis juliflora) can be utilized to produce ethanol, a promising alternative energy source for the limited crude oil. This study involved optimization of acid hydrolysis in ethanol production from prosopis juliflora. The conversion of prosopis juliflora to ethanol can be achieved mainly by three process steps: pretr...
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Numerical Analysis of Fluid Flow Properties in a Partially Perforated Horizontal Wellbore
Mohammed id Abdulwahhab Abdulwah,
Sadoun Fahad Dakhil,
I. N. Niranjan Kumar
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2014
Pages:
133-140
Received:
22 November 2014
Accepted:
6 December 2014
Published:
23 December 2014
Abstract: The pressure drops in horizontal wellbores, acceleration, wall friction, perforation roughness, and fluid mixing are analyzed in a partially perforated wellbore. It was demonstrated that the perforation inflow actually reduced the total pressure drop. The pressure drop due to perforation roughness was eliminated by the perforation inflow when the ratio of radial perforation flow to axial pipe flow rate reached a certain limit. Three dimensional numerical simulations on a partially perforated pipe with 150 perforations, geometrically similar with wellbore casing (12 SPF, and 60 phasing) were presented and analyzed. Numerical simulations by commercial code CFX were also conducted with Reynolds numbers ranging from 28,773 to 90,153 and influx flow rate ranging from 0 to 899 lit/hr to observe the flow through perforated pipe, measure pressure drops, friction factors and pressure loss coefficients. The acceleration pressure drop might be important compared with the frictional pressure drop. The numerically calculated results using k-ε model were compared with the experimental results. The numerical solutions agreed well with the experimental data.
Abstract: The pressure drops in horizontal wellbores, acceleration, wall friction, perforation roughness, and fluid mixing are analyzed in a partially perforated wellbore. It was demonstrated that the perforation inflow actually reduced the total pressure drop. The pressure drop due to perforation roughness was eliminated by the perforation inflow when the r...
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Ethanolysis of Calabash (Lageneria sinceraria) Seed Oil for the Production of Biodiesel
Muhammad Mukhtar,
Chika Muhammad,
Musa Usman Dabai,
Muhammad Mamuda
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2014
Pages:
141-145
Received:
18 August 2014
Accepted:
3 September 2014
Published:
8 January 2015
Abstract: Biodiesel production from plant seed oil and animal fat is not a new technologies, though recently searching for alternative renewable sources of fuel is receiving much attention due to global energy demand and increase in environmental pollution. Currently biodiesel is largely produced from edible oil feedstock which may not be sustainable in the longer term due to its competition with food, thus lead to a search for not edible oil feedstock for the production of green fuel. In view of this, homogeneous transesterification of Lageneraria sinceraria seed oil has been carried out using NaOH catalyst at 65 ͦ C with ethanol which produced a good biodiesel yield of 78% with HHV of 36.34 (MJ/Kg), 0.02% low total water and sediment level, 0.80g/cm3 density, 0.82 g/cm3 specific gravity, 27.20 g/cm3 API gravity, 0.44 mg NaOH/g Acid number and 144oC Flash point. The ethyl ester biodiesel produced, therefore, promises to be a viable source of energy for future use.
Abstract: Biodiesel production from plant seed oil and animal fat is not a new technologies, though recently searching for alternative renewable sources of fuel is receiving much attention due to global energy demand and increase in environmental pollution. Currently biodiesel is largely produced from edible oil feedstock which may not be sustainable in the ...
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