Research Article
Musculoskeletal Disorder and Ergonomic Hazard Safety Practices Among Commercial Tricycle Drivers in Ibadan North Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria
Issue:
Volume 14, Issue 1, February 2026
Pages:
1-10
Received:
10 November 2025
Accepted:
8 December 2025
Published:
16 January 2026
Abstract: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among tricycle drivers present major occupational health challenges, often attributed to ergonomic hazards and poor safety practices. Studies have documented MSDs among commercial tricycle drivers, but its ergonomic hazards safety practices had not been adequately documented. This study was therefore designed to document musculoskeletal disorder and ergonomic hazards safety practices among commercial tricycle drivers in Ibadan North Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria. This is a cross-sectional study which utilized a 3-stage random sampling technique to select wards, parks and 277 commercial tricycle drivers. A validated, semi-structured questionnaire
Abstract: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among tricycle drivers present major occupational health challenges, often attributed to ergonomic hazards and poor safety practices. Studies have documented MSDs among commercial tricycle drivers, but its ergonomic hazards safety practices had not been adequately documented. This study was therefore designed to doc...
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Research Article
Study on the Mass Determination of Scalar Field in the Brans-Dike Theory of Gravity
Issue:
Volume 14, Issue 1, February 2026
Pages:
11-17
Received:
7 November 2025
Accepted:
24 November 2025
Published:
16 March 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.sd.20261401.12
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Abstract: The original Brans-Dicke scalar-tensor theory was a scalar massless theory that does not have the self-acting potential of the scalar field. However, further studies are developing the theory of the free mass scalar field with potential. Then the Brans-Dicke coupling parameter is determined by the mass of the scalar field, and Perivolaropoulos and Alsing have obtained for local gravimeters such as solar systems or near-dual systems. The Brans-Dicke parameter which plays an important role in the theory is being as yet determined in a wide range from minus a few hundreds to forty thousands. Such a wide range of the values of the parameter may be associated with how the model used for determination of the parameter is adequate for description of the real Universe. However, in the cosmological context, the scalar field mass dependence of the Brans-Dicke parameter should be expected to be different from that in the local gravimeter. In this paper, the dependence of the Brans-Dicke coupling parameter on the mass of the scalar field from the Brans-Dicke scalar-tensor gravitational cosmological equation is obtained using cosmological observations. We use type Ia Supernovae data from Union 2. We also show that there exists a lower limit of Brans-Dicke coupling parameter, and we obtain that the corresponding mass is an upper limit of the scalar field mass.
Abstract: The original Brans-Dicke scalar-tensor theory was a scalar massless theory that does not have the self-acting potential of the scalar field. However, further studies are developing the theory of the free mass scalar field with potential. Then the Brans-Dicke coupling parameter is determined by the mass of the scalar field, and Perivolaropoulos and ...
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Damilola Olagbenjo Abiodun
