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Research Article
An Empirical Study on Waterscape Design in Child-Friendly Residential Areas: Based on Behavioral Observation and Preference Analysis
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 5, October 2025
Pages:
78-85
Received:
16 July 2025
Accepted:
25 August 2025
Published:
5 September 2025
Abstract: Waterscape, as one of the most attractive landscape elements in children's outdoor activities, play a crucial role in promoting children's participation in outdoor activities and healthy physical behavior. With the popularization of artificial waterscape in urban residential areas, the influence mechanism of their design patterns on children's activities and their usage preferences urgently need in-depth research. This study selected the Century City residential Area in Haidian District, Beijing as an empirical case, focusing on five typical waterscapes including artificial lakes, strip streams, water pools (including fountains), artificial rockery waterfalls, and dry fountains in squares. It comprehensively utilized spatial behavior observation methods (scanning observation and tracking observation) (N=224), structured interviews, and questionnaire surveys (N=104). Systematically analyze children's preferences for water feature usage and their physical activity support efficacy. The research findings are as follows: (1) The type of water feature significantly affects the frequency of children's use. Among them, pools and ribbon-shaped streams have the highest child-friendliness, while the appeal of artificial rockeries, waterfalls and dry fountains in squares is relatively limited. (2) Children significantly tend to choose water body forms with ecological features (including animals and plants), small-scale and dynamic changes. Natural design is superior to stylized landscapes. (3) Preferences for waterside facilities show differentiation. Traditional facilities such as Bridges, waterside platforms and pavilions are more favored, while the popular stepping stones and wooden walkways in water in current designs show a lower willingness to be used. This study provides empirical evidence and optimization paths for the design of child-friendly water features in residential areas.
Abstract: Waterscape, as one of the most attractive landscape elements in children's outdoor activities, play a crucial role in promoting children's participation in outdoor activities and healthy physical behavior. With the popularization of artificial waterscape in urban residential areas, the influence mechanism of their design patterns on children's acti...
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Research Article
Effects of Changes in Estimated Pulse Wave Velocity Trajectory on Cognitive Function in Middle-Aged and Elderly Patients with Cardiovascular Disease
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 5, October 2025
Pages:
86-94
Received:
10 September 2025
Accepted:
18 October 2025
Published:
29 October 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.sd.20251305.12
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Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the impact of estimated pulse wave velocity (ePWV) trajectory on cognitive function in middle-aged and elderly patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). A retrospective cohort of 2,420 middle-aged and elderly patients with CVD from the Charls database between 2011 and 2015 was included. A cohort trajectory model was used to analyze ePWV trajectory. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to analyze factors influencing cognitive function, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the predictive power of ePWV trajectory on cognitive function. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore the interaction between various factors and ePWV trajectory on cognitive function. Results showed that 455 participants developed severe cognitive impairment. Among the ePWV trajectory groups, 23.52% of participants in the low-to-increasing group, 45.05% in the moderate-to-increasing group, and 31.43% in the high-to-increasing group experienced cognitive decline. Changes in ePWV trajectory were significantly associated with cognitive decline (P < 0.05), particularly in the high-to-increasing group (OR = 4.16, 95% CI: 3.122-5.549, Model 1; OR = 1.96, 95% CI: 1.269-3.021, Model 3; OR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.007-2.498). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) results showed that the area under the curves (AUCs) for Models 1, 2, and 3 were 0.628, 0.713, and 0.785, respectively. Subgroup analysis revealed that educational level, age, systolic blood pressure, and BMI were significantly associated with cognitive function (P < 0.05). Except for BMI, no significant interactions between ePWV trajectory and other subgroup variables on cognitive function were observed (P > 0.05). Therefore, this study believes that changes in ePWV trajectory are closely related to cognitive decline in middle-aged and elderly patients with cardiovascular disease, and this indicator may serve as an economical and effective indicator for assessing severe cognitive impairment in middle-aged and elderly patients with CVD.
Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the impact of estimated pulse wave velocity (ePWV) trajectory on cognitive function in middle-aged and elderly patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). A retrospective cohort of 2,420 middle-aged and elderly patients with CVD from the Charls database between 2011 and 2015 was included. A cohort trajectory model wa...
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Research Article
Key Technologies for Target-Driven Autonomous UAV Inspection in Power Grids Based on Reinforcement Learning
Shunfeng Gao,
Qinghua Liu*,
Min Sun,
Haoran Zhang
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 5, October 2025
Pages:
95-100
Received:
10 September 2025
Accepted:
11 October 2025
Published:
29 October 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.sd.20251305.13
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Abstract: To address the challenges of low automation and poor adaptability to complex environments in power grid UAV inspections, this study analyzes the architecture and operational constraints of intelligent UAV inspection systems, clarifying optimization goals in terms of efficiency, safety, and intelligence. A closed-loop autonomous flight control method is proposed, integrating high-precision target recognition, dynamic path planning, and reinforcement learning–based optimization. Furthermore, a Transformer-based global obstacle perception and risk assessment approach is designed to construct a holistic “perception–decision–control” technical framework. Field experiments demonstrate that the proposed strategy significantly enhances flight path planning efficiency, obstacle recognition accuracy, and operational safety. The results provide scalable technical support for advancing the digital transformation of power grids and promoting the development of new-type power systems.
Abstract: To address the challenges of low automation and poor adaptability to complex environments in power grid UAV inspections, this study analyzes the architecture and operational constraints of intelligent UAV inspection systems, clarifying optimization goals in terms of efficiency, safety, and intelligence. A closed-loop autonomous flight control metho...
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Research Article
Convergence Analysis of Iterative Learning Control for Stocastic Semilinear Generalized Distributed Parameter Systems
Zhaoqiang Ge*
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 5, October 2025
Pages:
101-107
Received:
6 September 2025
Accepted:
29 September 2025
Published:
29 October 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.sd.20251305.14
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Abstract: The iterative learning control problem of generalized distributed parameter systems is one of the important issues in the research of generalized distributed parameter systems. In this paper convergence analysis of P-type iterative learning control for stochastic semilinear generalized distributed parameter systems is discussed in the sense of integral solution by GE-semigroup theory in separable Hilbert spaces. Firstly, the basic concepts of GE-semigroup and integral solution are presented, along with a description of the iterative learning control problem for stochastic semilinear generalized distributed parameter systems under P-type learning law. Secondly, some sufficient conditions are obtained, by which the input tracking and output tracking errors can converge to be bounded in the mean square sense. At the same time, we have also obtained sufficient conditions for the input tracking and output tracking errors of the semilinear generalized distributed parameter system to converge uniformly to zero.
Abstract: The iterative learning control problem of generalized distributed parameter systems is one of the important issues in the research of generalized distributed parameter systems. In this paper convergence analysis of P-type iterative learning control for stochastic semilinear generalized distributed parameter systems is discussed in the sense of inte...
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