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Research Article
Risk Factors Associated with the Emergence and Dissemination of Antibiotic-resistant Bacteria Among Poultry Farmers in South Togo
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 4, August 2025
Pages:
83-97
Received:
21 June 2025
Accepted:
3 July 2025
Published:
23 July 2025
Abstract: Background: Antimicrobial resistance is growing at an alarming rate to the point of outpacing the development of new means of infection control, thus threatening public health and the economics of agriculture. This study aims to explore poultry farmers’ level of knowledge about the dangers of antibiotic resistance, and their attitude and behavior during the use of antibiotics in poultry. Methods: In November 2022, a semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information from 153 poultry farms in the “Maritime Region’’ and “Grand-Lome District’’. The collected data concerned awareness of the behavioral gestures and dangers of antibiotic resistance that put poultry farmers in contact with resistant bacteria. Results: The findings revealed that 56.1% of poultry farmers (82 out of 146) were aware of antibiotic resistance, while 63% (70 out of 119) understood the risk of human contamination through poultry products. Despite this awareness, 55.6% (74 out of 133) of farms lacked protective measures during tasks such as handling droppings or administering antibiotics. A significant association was observed between animal health training and both awareness of antibiotic resistance and biosecurity practices (p < 0.05). However, no association was found between the training received and the poultry farmers' behavior regarding the use of antibiotics (p-value > 0.05). Conclusion: Poultry farmers’ attitudes and behavior are favorable to the dissemination of resistant bacteria. It is necessary to continue sensitization by focusing on the risk factors that can put poultry farmers in contact with antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Abstract: Background: Antimicrobial resistance is growing at an alarming rate to the point of outpacing the development of new means of infection control, thus threatening public health and the economics of agriculture. This study aims to explore poultry farmers’ level of knowledge about the dangers of antibiotic resistance, and their attitude and behavior d...
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Research Article
Evaluating Different Levels of Roasted Pigeon Pea (Cajanus Cajan) Meal on Growth Performance of Cockereal Koekoek Chicken Under Adami Tullu Agricultural Research Center, Oromia, Ethiopa
Usman Abdulkadir
,
Tesfa Geleta*
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 4, August 2025
Pages:
98-103
Received:
19 May 2025
Accepted:
19 June 2025
Published:
24 July 2025
Abstract: The experiment was conducted to evaluate effects of different level of roasted pigeon pea seed meal inclusion in diet of growing Cockereal Koekoek chicken. The compeletely randomized design was used to evaluate four dietary treatments. The roasted Pigeon Pea meal was included at levels of diet 0% (T1), 25% (T2), 30% (T3) and 35% (T4) in dietary treatments. Each treatment contained 8 chickens, totaling 128 chickens in the whole experiment. The study was conducted for for 84 days. The major factors studied were body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR). The results showed that both daily feed intake in T1 and T2 (74.89±12.78 g vs 73.09±13.4 g) and as well as T3 and T4 (71.70±14.2 g vs 69.16±14.43 g) were not statistically significant (P>0.05). On the other hand, there was a significantly lower (P<0.05) in daily body weight gain of chicken was observed in T4 (19.45±0.53 g) compared to the other treatments. There was no significant differences (P>0.05) among T1 (23.94±1.4 g), T2 (21.97±1.16 g) and T3 (21.6±0.6 g) in daily weight gain gram per bird. Significantly (P<0.05) lower FCR was observed in T1 (3.03± 0.54) compared to the rest treatments. However, were no significant differences in FCR T2 (3.33±0.61), T3 (3.31±0.67) and T4 (3.56 ±0.74). The selling price of cockerels chickens at end of experiment period chicken in T1 (Birr 271.67±5.77), T2 (Birr 257.67±17.04) and T3 (Birr 238.67±16.17) did not significantly differ (P>0.05). Similarly, the selling price of chickens in T3 (Birr 238.67±16.17) and T4 (Birr 217.67±10.78) also did not significantly differ (P>0.05). Whereas, there was a significant difference chickens selling price between the T1 (271.67±5.77) and T4 (Birr 217.67±10.78), and T2 (Birr257.67±17.04) T4 (Birr 217.67±10.78). From this study, net incomes of Birr 148.74, 138.25, 102.7 and 74.37 were obtained from T2, T1, T3 and T4, through selling chickens respectively. Generally, from the biological and economical point of view, the inclusion 25% of pigeon pea meal was recommended in diet cockerels’ koekoek chicken.
Abstract: The experiment was conducted to evaluate effects of different level of roasted pigeon pea seed meal inclusion in diet of growing Cockereal Koekoek chicken. The compeletely randomized design was used to evaluate four dietary treatments. The roasted Pigeon Pea meal was included at levels of diet 0% (T1), 25% (T2), 30% (T3) and 35% (T4) in dietary tre...
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Research Article
Laboratory Tests Revealed High Contamination of Raw Milk Sampled from Selected Nodes of the Dairy Value Chain in Mbulu District, Tanzania
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 4, August 2025
Pages:
104-113
Received:
13 June 2025
Accepted:
14 July 2025
Published:
30 July 2025
Abstract: This study was carried to investigate the levels and types of microbial contamination in raw milk from selected nodes of the dairy value chain in Mbulu District, northeastern, Tanzania. A total of 185 raw milk samples were collected from dairy farmers, vendors, and restaurants across four wards namely Endagikot, Imboru, Hydom, and Dongobesh. The target bacteria were Escherichia (E.) coli, Staphylococcus spp., Klebsiella (K.) pneumoniae, and Enterococcus (E.) faecalis. A total of 185 milk samples were collected from dairy farms, vendors and restaurants across four wards. Total viable bacteria count and bacterial isolates were analysed using culture, biochemical test and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS. Contamination increased up the chain with the lowest mean bacterial load (7.78 × 10³cfu/ml) in milk samples collected directly from udder and the highest (2.09 × 10⁴cfu/ml) in farmers bulking containers. E. coli and Staphylococcus spp. were the most prevalent bacteria detected at rates of 32.1 and 17 percent respectively of total samples from the vendors as well as 18.9 and 17 percent of total samples collected directly from udder. The E. faecalis and K. pneumoniae were detected at much lower rates (3.77 and 1.89 percent respectively). The bacteria levels determined in the present study are sufficiently high to contribute to milk-borne illnesses among consumers. The findings highlight public health risks associated with poor hygiene practices, inadequate milk handling, and environmental contamination. Enhanced training for milk handlers, improved hygiene protocols and regular surveillance are recommended to ensure milk quality and safety.
Abstract: This study was carried to investigate the levels and types of microbial contamination in raw milk from selected nodes of the dairy value chain in Mbulu District, northeastern, Tanzania. A total of 185 raw milk samples were collected from dairy farmers, vendors, and restaurants across four wards namely Endagikot, Imboru, Hydom, and Dongobesh. The ta...
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