Hike in Pump Price: Major Doom to Nigerian Forest
Egbewole Zaccheaus Tunde,
Rotowa Odunayo James
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2, June 2018
Pages:
19-26
Received:
4 May 2018
Accepted:
25 May 2018
Published:
14 June 2018
Abstract: Oil products are derived from crude oil and they include petrol, diesel, kerosene, natural gas, bitumen. Oil was discovered in Nigeria in 1956 at Oloibiri in the present Bayelsa State, after a century of searching. Over the years, there has been variation in the price of oil products in Nigeria. The upward adjustments of petroleum products have resulted in inflation, high cost of living, and inequitable distribution of income in Nigeria. Between 1978 and 2007, the various Nigerian regimes increased fuel prices a total number of 19 times. Most of the increase occurred in the 1990-2017 period when petroleum products prices were adjusted upwards sometimes twice in one year. The instability of oil products in Nigeria as a result of widespread smuggling and diversion of products from their approved destinations, holding of products in anticipation of an increase in prices and the refineries producing at less than half of their installed capacities, these variation which in most cases is on the increase side has led to deforestation at its peak yet, afforestation Programmes in Nigeria have a relatively short history with just 78 years. Although the different governments, beginning from the pre-independence and post-independence periods have made modest attempts.
Abstract: Oil products are derived from crude oil and they include petrol, diesel, kerosene, natural gas, bitumen. Oil was discovered in Nigeria in 1956 at Oloibiri in the present Bayelsa State, after a century of searching. Over the years, there has been variation in the price of oil products in Nigeria. The upward adjustments of petroleum products have res...
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Limitations of Inherent Safety Techniques Application: A Case Study
Maria Aparecida de Paula Lima,
Assed Haddad
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2, June 2018
Pages:
27-31
Received:
4 March 2018
Accepted:
22 August 2018
Published:
19 September 2018
Abstract: The present study is motivated by the many accidents in process plants that could be avoided or at least attenuated by inherent safety philosophy. The objective of this article is to understand the real constraints to Inherent Safety Philosophy (ISF) application. It contemplated an evaluation of the limitations and difficulties of applying the inherent safety techniques to process plants based on a specific case study in which some the potential risks to the plant were evaluated and some modifications were advised instead. From this case study, it was possible to extrapolate to a generic case in a representative manner. The greatest difficulties encountered when applying ISF were mapped. The real limitations of using ISF in process plants were related to organizational, technical and economic aspects. The consequently, to focus on finding solutions for them.
Abstract: The present study is motivated by the many accidents in process plants that could be avoided or at least attenuated by inherent safety philosophy. The objective of this article is to understand the real constraints to Inherent Safety Philosophy (ISF) application. It contemplated an evaluation of the limitations and difficulties of applying the inhe...
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A Review on the Research of Promoting Biogas Fermentation Efficiency by Mixing
Ruyi Huang,
Zili Mei,
Jiang Li,
Enshen Long,
Ting Guo,
Tao Luo,
Yan Long
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2, June 2018
Pages:
32-39
Received:
6 August 2018
Accepted:
1 September 2018
Published:
8 October 2018
Abstract: Mixed agitation can significantly improve the efficiency of anaerobic fermentation, which is shown by the remarkable improvement of biogas production and pollutant removal rate, so it has become an indispensable auxiliary process in modern biogas engineering. However, the internal mechanism of how agitation improves the fermentation efficiency is not clear, so it is difficult to find the best agitation form under complex conditions. However, in recent years, more research results have been obtained in this field. The effects of various agitation forms have been continuously verified on different feedstock characteristics under different fermentation and operating conditions, and the mechanism has been gradually clarified. The most important achievement is that in the 1990s it was clear that continuous agitation would impact the fermentation system, so batch agitation is the correct way to improve the fermentation efficiency. Since the 21st century, the latest research has focused on setting the operating parameters of batch agitation. Researchers have made greatly progress in all the aspects of medium, mode, power, speed and duration of agitation, and optimized the mixing scheme. Some studies have also revealed that stirring will affect the temperature field, impurity removal, toxicity accumulation and so on, and the optimal design of mixing scheme should take into account the comprehensive effects of all aspects. In this paper, the main worldwide research achievements in this field made in recent years are reviewed, and the internal mechanism that agitation can improve the anaerobic fermentation efficiency of biogas is clarified to a certain extent, and the suitable agitation forms under certain conditions are suggested.
Abstract: Mixed agitation can significantly improve the efficiency of anaerobic fermentation, which is shown by the remarkable improvement of biogas production and pollutant removal rate, so it has become an indispensable auxiliary process in modern biogas engineering. However, the internal mechanism of how agitation improves the fermentation efficiency is n...
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