Land Use and Land Cover Change in a Community-Managed Forest in South-Eastern Senegal Under a Formal Forest Management Regime
Laurice Codou Faye,
Hyacinthe Sambou,
Boateng Kyereh,
Bienvenu Sambou
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, February 2016
Pages:
1-10
Received:
2 December 2015
Accepted:
17 December 2015
Published:
8 January 2016
Abstract: While most studies of community forests in Senegal address issues in institutional and political arrangements for managing forests, this study was carried out to find out how these political and institutional changes embodied in the new approach to forest management impact on land use and land cover change in the country. Using the Missirah Forest in south-eastern Senegal, as a case study, the objective was to quantify the land use and land cover changes that have happened over a twenty four- year period, from 1990 to 2014 using remote sensing. Six land use and land cover types were identified and mapped, namely, gallery forest, tree savanna, shrub savanna, degraded shrub savanna, croplands and settlements. The area of croplands and settlements expanded between 1990 and 2014. The conversion from natural vegetation to croplands (14.45%) was higher than the conversion from cropland to natural vegetation (3%). Between 1990 and 2003, the expansion in croplands was higher than between 1990 and 2003 but the reverse was the case for settlements. Regarding vegetation types, they decreased in cover between the two periods with the exception of shrub savanna that experienced an increase of 1.46% from 1990 to 2003. Transition to less wooded vegetation (31.58%) was higher than transition to more wooded vegetation (13.91%). This study shows that deforestation and forest degradation are still in progress despite the implementation of a management plan for a full rotation.
Abstract: While most studies of community forests in Senegal address issues in institutional and political arrangements for managing forests, this study was carried out to find out how these political and institutional changes embodied in the new approach to forest management impact on land use and land cover change in the country. Using the Missirah Forest ...
Show More
Pollution of the Chari River in the Slaughterhouse Farcha (N'djamena) in Chad
Tchadanaye New Mahamat,
Noumi Guy Bertrand,
Paloumi Yabe
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, February 2016
Pages:
11-19
Received:
21 December 2015
Accepted:
31 December 2015
Published:
11 January 2016
Abstract: This study was carried out to evaluate the influence of the discharge of effluents Farcha slaughterhouses pollution of the Chari River. To overcome this, water and sediment samples were taken upstream to the outlet and downstream of Farcha slaughterhouse. These samples were subjected to some physicochemical analysis. Slaughterhouse effluent showed a Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) ranging from 96 mg.L-1 to 100 mg.L-1; Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) 54 mg.L-1 to 70 mg.L-1 and the suspended solids (TSS) 64 mg.L-1 to 108 mg.L-1. The physicochemical characterization of water samples Chari gave a change in hydrogen potential (pH) between 6 to 7; a temperature ranging from 28.35°C to 28.70°C with an electric conductivity ranging from 50 μS.cm-1 to 129 μS.cm-1. The dissolved oxygen levels in water shows an appreciable oxygenation (5.02 - 7.37 mg O2.L-1). As the mineral substances, the chloride ions (Cl-) vary from 9.05 mg.L-1 to 29.25 mg.L-1; ferrous ions (Fe2+) of 0.48 mg.L-1 to 11.10 mg.L-1; sulphate ions (SO42-) of 21.50 mg.L-1 to 38 mg.L-1; phosphate ions (PO43-) of 20.45 mg/L to 84.35 mg/L; nitrate ions (NO3-) of 15 mg.L-1 to 39.50 mg.L-1. In opposite, the concentrations of nitrite (NO2-) increased from 7.45 mg.L-1 to 13 mg.L-1; that of ammonium ions (NH4+) 1.49 mg.L-1 to 4.95 mg.L-1. The concentrations of dissolved ions showed higher values in July than in September. We observed significant variations in these parameters, some of which values were in excess of the WHO standard. However; the rate of COD/BOD5 = 1.67 show that these wastewater Farcha slaughterhouses are biodegradable.
Abstract: This study was carried out to evaluate the influence of the discharge of effluents Farcha slaughterhouses pollution of the Chari River. To overcome this, water and sediment samples were taken upstream to the outlet and downstream of Farcha slaughterhouse. These samples were subjected to some physicochemical analysis. Slaughterhouse effluent showed ...
Show More
