Ambient Air Pollution Status of Addis Ababa City; The Case of Selected Roadside
Dejene Tsegaye,
Seyoum Leta,
Mohammed Mazharuddin Khan
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, April 2019
Pages:
39-47
Received:
14 February 2019
Accepted:
3 April 2019
Published:
29 June 2019
Abstract: The Objective of the present study was to determine the concentration level, spatial and temporal variation of air pollutants (Carbon monoxide, Volatile organic carbon, Nitrogen dioxide, and Sulfur dioxide) from vehicular emission in ambient air of Addis Ababa city. Measurements were taken at sixty five roadsides sites for all the above selected pollutants. The overall (mean ± SD) of Addis Ababa city roadsides Carbon monoxide, Volatile organic carbon, Nitrogen dioxide, and Sulfur dioxide concentration level were 4.82 ± 3.60 ppm, 317.52 ± 221.52 µg/m 3, 0.12 ± 0.16 ppm and 0.23 ± 0.20 ppm respectively. Spatial variation were observed for all the pollutants; the highest Carbon Oxide, Volatile organic carbon, Nitrogen dioxide, and Sulfur dioxide concentration were recorded at SS16, SS34, SS39 and SS6 sites whereas the lowest at SS6, SS36, SS6 and SS19 respectively. At most of the sites high Carbon Oxide and volatile organic carbon concentrations were also observed at early in the morning and late afternoon. The temporal variation of Nitrogen dioxide and Sulfur dioxide were not significant at all sites under the study at p<0.05. The morning and the late afternoon peaks indicate that those pollutants were emitted where vehicular traffic was high. The roadside concentrations of all the pollutants under the study were high and needs continuous monitoring and exploring of mitigation techniques.
Abstract: The Objective of the present study was to determine the concentration level, spatial and temporal variation of air pollutants (Carbon monoxide, Volatile organic carbon, Nitrogen dioxide, and Sulfur dioxide) from vehicular emission in ambient air of Addis Ababa city. Measurements were taken at sixty five roadsides sites for all the above selected po...
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Municipal Solid Waste Source Identification, Characterization and Physical Composition Analysis, Case Study Wolkite Town, Ethiopia
Yenenesh Hailu,
Terefe Hanchiso,
Abreham Bereta
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, April 2019
Pages:
48-53
Received:
14 April 2019
Accepted:
13 June 2019
Published:
15 July 2019
Abstract: Solid waste, which is a consequence of day-to-day activity of human kind, needs to be managed properly. This study deals with municipal solid waste source identification, characterization and physical composition analysis the case of wolkite town, Ethiopia. inorder to conduct this study both primary and secondary data were collected and analyzed, subsequently the Findings of this study revealed that household, hotel, restorante, Kera, schools & university, chat chewing residence are identified as major source of solid waste. Regarding solid waste physical composition and characterization analysis result indicated that in wolkite town the larger portion of solid waste generating is food and food related which constituted 25.86% followed by ash and fine sand which constituted 24.3%, the third major kind of solid waste generated from the town at the household level is a mixture of different material named as other, then manure constituted 12.17%, chat, leaves &grasses, plastic, Festal, paper, textile, and glass & ceramic constituted 5.7%, 5.7%, 4.2%, 3.42%, 1.9% and 0.39%. Thus the finding of this study recommend to work on community awareness creation about proper solid waste management, and, it is very crucial to apply appropriate solid waste management system mechanism and establish small scale enterprise those will collect solid waste in the town.
Abstract: Solid waste, which is a consequence of day-to-day activity of human kind, needs to be managed properly. This study deals with municipal solid waste source identification, characterization and physical composition analysis the case of wolkite town, Ethiopia. inorder to conduct this study both primary and secondary data were collected and analyzed, s...
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Developing a Scientific Practice in Preservation of 19th Century Royal Malay Songket Shawl
Mina Janpourtaher,
Mandana Barkeshli,
Rashidi Othman
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, April 2019
Pages:
54-61
Received:
23 May 2019
Accepted:
4 July 2019
Published:
16 July 2019
Abstract: The fabric under study is one of the exquisite songket shawl dated around 19th century housed in National Museum of Malaysia. This study aims to identify the materials, techniques and analyze the texture, motifs and dyes through historical and artistic review as well as scientific analysis, identification of deterioration factors and examining the different causes of damages. In order to conserve and restore the samples, identification of the material technology on natural and metal threads, weaving as well as dye and motifs were carried out. Natural fibers were detected by using chemical analysis, FTIR and FESEM-EDS were used for examination of metallic threads. The condition survey was carried out and analyzed through the original historic samples to identify its feature and behavior against physical and chemical agencies. Examination results showed the fibers are delicate cotton and natural pigments used in dying process. Also according to the FESEM results, metal threads was identified as gilt-silver which is deteriorated in some parts and covered with layer of corrosion. A series of internal and external destructive factors as well as improper past repairs caused several damages to the fabric. It became evident that by exposing fabrics to improper storage and display technique had caused considerable physical, chemical and mechanical harm to the parts of sample. Based on the current condition of the fabric proper method of preservation treatment was applied and a specific method of displaying of songket shawl textiles was designed as a guideline for Malaysia’s museums.
Abstract: The fabric under study is one of the exquisite songket shawl dated around 19th century housed in National Museum of Malaysia. This study aims to identify the materials, techniques and analyze the texture, motifs and dyes through historical and artistic review as well as scientific analysis, identification of deterioration factors and examining the ...
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