Lead, Cadmium and Iron Concentrations in Zea Mays Grown Within the Vicinity of Ori-Ile Battery Waste Dumpsite, Olodo, Ibadan, Nigeria
Adedotun Onoyinka Afolayan,
Amusat Titilayo Hassan
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, October 2017
Pages:
92-103
Received:
25 August 2017
Accepted:
8 September 2017
Published:
3 November 2017
Abstract: Agricultural produce resulting from the cultivation of polluted soil can result in undue exposure and health hazards for its consumers at different level along the food chain. Available literature has shown that maize absorbs and accumulates toxic heavy metals from polluted soils. This study was designed to determine the concentration of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and iron (Fe) within the leaf, stem, grains and root of maize grown on Ori-Ile battery waste dumpsite, Olodo, Ibadan Nigeria. Soil samples were collected every two months (March 2008 to July 2009) from the waste dumpsite and along the direction of the garden at 5m interval from the edge of the waste dump site. To determine the levels of uptake and accumulation of Pb, Cd, and Fe, maize was planted in a nearby house garden, situated within 25m distance away from the waste dumpsite and the root, stem, leaf and grains were harvested at maturity. All soil samples collected and the harvested maize parts were analysed for Pb, Cd, and Fe. Concentrations of Pb, Cd and Fe in soil were found to range from 3265.8±517.8 to 4351.3±1068.2; 163.96±23.2 to 258.38±123.1; 7712.90±473.8 to 8130.00±808.4 mg/kg respectively. These were significantly higher than values obtained from the reference soil (157.0±39.8, 2.2±1.2, 976.3±353.9 mg/kg respectively) and National Environmental Standard Regulation Agency (NESREA) limits (164mgPb/kg and 50mgCd/kg). Also, soil contamination factor values obtained were greater than 6 and this indicated severe contamination. Concentrations of Pb, Cd and Fe in maize-parts were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) than those cultivated on the reference site soil. Roots had the highest concentration of Pb (40.95±1.98 mg/L) and Cd (2.84±0.19 mg/L). In all maize-parts, bio-accumulation factor of the heavy metals was less than 1. Overall, these results have shown that the levels of metals in soil were several folds above the limits set by NESREA. Also, the range within the analysed plant parts was above the normal limit recommended for plants. High accumulation of heavy metals found in the soils of Ori-Ile battery waste dumpsite, Olodo, Ibadan bio-accumulated in maize-roots. Therefore, maize root is actively involved in phyto extraction of heavy metals from contaminated soils.
Abstract: Agricultural produce resulting from the cultivation of polluted soil can result in undue exposure and health hazards for its consumers at different level along the food chain. Available literature has shown that maize absorbs and accumulates toxic heavy metals from polluted soils. This study was designed to determine the concentration of lead (Pb),...
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Comparison of the Antiparasitic Activity of Bauhinia rufescens Leaves Extracts and Metronidazole Against Gairdia lamblia
Mohamed Ismail Garbi,
Elbadri Elamin Osman,
Ahmed Saeed Kabbashi
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, October 2017
Pages:
104-108
Received:
4 October 2017
Accepted:
26 October 2017
Published:
22 November 2017
Abstract: Giardia is a flagellate protozoan with worldwide distribution that causes significant gastrointestinal diseases in a wide variety of vertebrates including cats and human. Gairdia lamblia is one of the intestinal protozoa that cause public health problems in most developing countries as well as some developed countries. This study was carried out to evaluate Antigiardial activity of Bauhinia rufsescens (Leaves) petroleum ether and methanolic extracts in vitro test were perform using four concentrations: (1000, 500, 250 and 125 ppm). The highest activity against G. lameblia with respect to time was obtained from petroleum ether extract which exhibited 77.12% mortality within 72 h in 1000 ppm concentration, followed by the same extract which exhibited 76.04% mortality within 72 h with concentration of 500 ppm. On the other hand, the lowest antigiardial activity was recorded by B. rufescens petroleum ether extract 82.8% mortality with 125 ppm concentration within 24 hours, with whereas Metronidazol, a pure compound (positive control) showed 83.42% mortality within 72 hours. This result shows that the most potent antigiardial activity was demonstrated in B. rufescens petroleum ether extract at all concentrations (i.e. 74% mortality within 72 hours) and that B. rufescens species, as claimed also by tradition, is a promising species in treating G. lamblia.
Abstract: Giardia is a flagellate protozoan with worldwide distribution that causes significant gastrointestinal diseases in a wide variety of vertebrates including cats and human. Gairdia lamblia is one of the intestinal protozoa that cause public health problems in most developing countries as well as some developed countries. This study was carried out to...
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Biosynthesis of Xylitol from Glucose: Microorganism, Key Enzymes and Genetically Engineered Strains
Yilin Qi,
Huanhuan Zhang,
Junhua Yun,
Miaomiao Yang,
Guoyan Zhang,
Yanbo Xue,
Xuexia Bai,
Xianghui Qi,
Yanqin Liu,
Longxian Ran
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, October 2017
Pages:
109-112
Received:
7 October 2017
Accepted:
19 October 2017
Published:
24 November 2017
Abstract: Xylitol is an important prebiotics, and it is widely used in the fields of medicine and food. In view of the drawbacks of chemical method, much focus has been attracted into the study of xylitol biosynthesis. In this study, microorganism, method and key enzymes in the biosynthesis of xylitol were introduced. In addition, the production of xylitol from glucose by genetically engineered strains was summarized respectively.
Abstract: Xylitol is an important prebiotics, and it is widely used in the fields of medicine and food. In view of the drawbacks of chemical method, much focus has been attracted into the study of xylitol biosynthesis. In this study, microorganism, method and key enzymes in the biosynthesis of xylitol were introduced. In addition, the production of xylitol f...
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