Functional Characteristics of Gum from Acacia Nubica
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2016
Pages:
77-83
Received:
12 October 2016
Accepted:
22 October 2016
Published:
15 November 2016
Abstract: The physicochemical of gum exudates from Acacia Nubica were analyzed and compared to those for Acacia Senegal gum. The molecular weight of Acacia Nubica and Acacia Senegal were determined using gel permeation chromatography (GPC) with on-line monitoring using light scattering, refractive index and UV absorbance detector, the result show that the three main component designated arabinogalactane protein (AGP), arabinogalactan (AG) and glycoprotein (GP) known to be present in Acacia Senegal could also be present in Acacia Nubica. However, in Acacia Nubica, the high molecular (AGP) component is less significant and present in less proportion than Acacia Senegal. The protein distribution in Acacia Nubica is different, and whereas the protein in Acacia Senegal is mainly associated with the high molecular weight component (AGP~106). It is distributed differently and mainly associated with a lower molecular weight component (AG) in Acacia Nubica. Emulsification studies of Acacia Nubica samples showed a poor emulsification performance and less stability than Acacia Senegal sample although it possessed large droplet size.
Abstract: The physicochemical of gum exudates from Acacia Nubica were analyzed and compared to those for Acacia Senegal gum. The molecular weight of Acacia Nubica and Acacia Senegal were determined using gel permeation chromatography (GPC) with on-line monitoring using light scattering, refractive index and UV absorbance detector, the result show that the th...
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Determination of Essential and Non-essential Metals Concentration in Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Bulb and Leaf Cultivated in Ambo Woreda, Ethiopia
Wodaje Addis Tegegne,
Alemayehu Abebaw Mengiste
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2016
Pages:
84-94
Received:
23 May 2016
Accepted:
2 June 2016
Published:
3 January 2017
Abstract: In this study, the levels of twelve essential metals (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Mo, Co, Cr and Ni) and two non-essential metals (Pb and Cd) were determined in the bulb and leafs of garlic (Allium sativum L.) cultivated in Ambo Woreda, Ethiopia. Wet digestion method using a mixture of 5 ml of concentrated HNO3:HClO4 (4:1 v/v) was used for digestion of the samples. The determination processes were done by flame photometer for Na and K, EDTA titration method for Ca and Mg, and ICP-OES for the rest of the metals. The results obtained revealed that the concentrations of metals in the garlic bulb samples in mg/kg dry weight were in the range of: Na (217–366.7), K (9080–12060), Ca (1018–1286), Mg (802–992.6), Fe (63.44–91.24), Zn (31.17–35.39), Mn (5.27–7.51), Cu (4.21–7.16), Mo (1.06–2.08), Co (0.61–1.49), Ni (1.45–3.78), Cr (0.47–1.31), Pb (1.07–2.51) and Cd (0.10–0.16). The concentrations of metals in the garlic leaf samples in mg/kg dry weight were in the range of: Na (463–730), K (11370–12860), Ca (1209–1302), Mg (871–994), Fe (72.3–108), Zn (49.1–71.39), Mn (26.74–72.36), Cu (5.41–8.44), Mo (1.01–2.30), Co (1.17–4.96), Ni (2.17–3.54), Cr (1.20–2.17), Pb (1.87–2.84) and Cd (0.12–0.18). In addition, the results show that the levels of elements were higher in the leaves than the bulbs. In general, the levels of metals in the analyzed garlic bulb and leaf samples were found below the FAO/WHO maximum permissible limit; hence they are safe for human consumption and can be considered as a good source of essential nutrients.
Abstract: In this study, the levels of twelve essential metals (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Mo, Co, Cr and Ni) and two non-essential metals (Pb and Cd) were determined in the bulb and leafs of garlic (Allium sativum L.) cultivated in Ambo Woreda, Ethiopia. Wet digestion method using a mixture of 5 ml of concentrated HNO3:HClO4 (4:1 v/v) was used for diges...
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Evaluation and Characterization of Soil Salinity Status at Small-Scale Irrigation Farms at Bora and Lume Districts of East Showa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia
Kasahun Kitila,
Ayub Jalde,
Mekonnen Workina
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2016
Pages:
95-102
Received:
26 September 2016
Accepted:
9 December 2016
Published:
7 January 2017
Abstract: For sound land use and water management in irrigated area, knowledge of the chemical composition of soil and water condition before action are crucial for sustainability of irrigation projects. The study aimed to evaluate and characterize the physicochemical properties of soils with the intention to soil salinity status at small scale irrigation schemes with reference to standard suitability classes. With regard to this, a study was conducted in Bora and Lume districts of small scale irrigation in East showa, Ethiopia. Before soil sampling the area was purposively classified as the land irrigated with ground water and river for more than 5 years. Accordingly, Soil samples were collected from the land irrigated with ground water and river to the depth of 90cm that was re-classified in to three different sampling depths (0-30cm, 31-60cm and 61-90cm). Both land irrigated with ground water and river were replicated three times in each district. Soil samples were also collected from rein fed agriculture in both districts for comparison. Analysis of soil samples showed that average soil pH>8.5, EC<4ds/m, and ESP>15 were observed at the land irrigated using ground water in both districts. This analysis reveals the existence of potential sodicity in the soil. Ground water analysis also indicated high sodicity in the irrigation water. To sustain productivity of soil in this small scale irrigation site, the study underlines the need for immediate soil salinity management by using appropriate soil sodicity reclamation techniques especially at the farmers who are using ground water for irrigation.
Abstract: For sound land use and water management in irrigated area, knowledge of the chemical composition of soil and water condition before action are crucial for sustainability of irrigation projects. The study aimed to evaluate and characterize the physicochemical properties of soils with the intention to soil salinity status at small scale irrigation sc...
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The Interaction of Cefoperazone Sodium with Bovine Transferrin and Bovine Serum Albumin
Shaotong Duan,
Baosheng Liu,
Tongtong Li,
Mengmeng Cui
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2016
Pages:
103-115
Received:
12 September 2016
Accepted:
12 December 2016
Published:
8 January 2017
Abstract: The interactions of cefoperazone sodium with bovine transferrin and bovine serum albumin were studied by multi-spectroscopic methods. Results showed that the intrinsic fluorescence of proteins was quenched by the cefoperazone sodium with a static quenching procedure. The thermodynamics parameters indicated that electrostatic attraction played a major role in the interactions of drug and proteins. The results of synchronous fluorescence spectra demonstrated that the microenvironments of amino acid residues of the two proteins were disturbed by cefoperazone sodium and the binding site of cefoperazone sodium to the bovine transferrin/bovine serum albumin was closer to tryptophan residues. Circular dichroism indicated that cefoperazone sodium changed the secondary structures of the two proteins. Hill’s coefficient showed that there was negative cooperation in the interaction of subsequent cefoperazone sodium with bovine transferrin/bovine serum albumin. Moreover, the results showed that cefoperazone sodium bound to bovine serum albumin with higher affinity. However, cefoperazone sodium had larger influences on the microenvironment of bovine transferrin. The interaction between cefoperazone sodium and different proteins will be helpful for extracting the common features, applying the unique characteristic of drug-proteins systems.
Abstract: The interactions of cefoperazone sodium with bovine transferrin and bovine serum albumin were studied by multi-spectroscopic methods. Results showed that the intrinsic fluorescence of proteins was quenched by the cefoperazone sodium with a static quenching procedure. The thermodynamics parameters indicated that electrostatic attraction played a maj...
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