Importance of Yeast in Ruminants Feeding on Production and Reproduction
Alsaied Alnaimy Mostafa Habeeb
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, August 2017
Pages:
49-58
Received:
12 August 2017
Accepted:
26 August 2017
Published:
21 September 2017
Abstract: Benefits of yeast supplements for ruminants are shifts in microbial population numbers and species, favorable changes in volatile fatty acids contents of rumen, positive effects on rumen ammonia disappearance, positive effects on rumen pH, promotes metabolism digestion, increase in fiber digestibility and changes in microbial protein and amino acids in large intestine. In addition, benefits of Yeast supplements for ruminants are improving the overall intestinal bacteria balance, reducing digestive problems, lower risk of acidosis and reduction in the humidity of bedding resulting in lower stress levels. Feeding on feed mixture contained Active dry yeast (ADY) improved the appetite of animals which lead to increase the feed intake and consequently increased the daily weight gain of the treated animals. From the physiological point of view, adding ADY caused significant increase the levels of both T4 and T3 hormones which lead to increase the protein and fat biosyntheses. Moreover, benefits of yeast supplements for ruminants are increased milk production and improvements in milk quality, improves milk selenium content, reduced mastitis and somatic cell count, less stillbirths, weak neonates, improves fertility, reduced incidence of retained placenta, improved immune response, increases immune resistance, high content in B-vitamins and trace elements, enhances weight gain and feed utilization.
Abstract: Benefits of yeast supplements for ruminants are shifts in microbial population numbers and species, favorable changes in volatile fatty acids contents of rumen, positive effects on rumen ammonia disappearance, positive effects on rumen pH, promotes metabolism digestion, increase in fiber digestibility and changes in microbial protein and amino acid...
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Wildlife Threats and Their Relative Severity of Eastern Ethiopia Protected Areas
Mengistu Wale,
Abeje Kassie,
Getachew Mulualem,
Weldemariam Tesfahunegny,
Abraham Assefa
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, August 2017
Pages:
59-67
Received:
5 June 2017
Accepted:
7 July 2017
Published:
22 September 2017
Abstract: Protected areas in Ethiopia faced a range of threats. However, little information is known about the type, pattern, and extent of these threats. Understanding these issues are crucial in prioritizing conservation strategies and to take appropriate mitigation measure for effective protection of wildlife. This study attempts to investigate the relative severity of threat to eastern Ethiopia protected areas and how these protected areas are threatened to the identified threats. A total of forty-five field officers from the five eastern Ethiopia protected areas were interviewed. Thirteen potential threats that affect the biodiversity of eastern Ethiopia were identified. The most important threats include grazing by domestic animal, shortage of funding, increased human population growth, expansion of invasive alien species, weak law enforcement, encroachment of human settlement, human wildlife conflict, lack of alternative livelihood activities and others. All of the protected areas are susceptible to most of the identified threats. Protected areas having acacia commiphora and scrub land a predominant ecosystem type and surrounded by settlement and agricultural land uses practice were the most susceptible to the threat factors. Babile elephant sanctuary and Yangudi-Rassa national park are the two most threatened protected areas. 58% of the threats showed strong positive and significant relationship with protected area relative threatened index. Thus, involvements of multi stakeholders including local community is essential to develop protected area management strategies by prioritizing the identified threats to reduce biodiversity loss in eastern Ethiopia protected areas.
Abstract: Protected areas in Ethiopia faced a range of threats. However, little information is known about the type, pattern, and extent of these threats. Understanding these issues are crucial in prioritizing conservation strategies and to take appropriate mitigation measure for effective protection of wildlife. This study attempts to investigate the relati...
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