Phytochemical Screening and in Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Waltheria Indica Linn Leaf Extracts
Okwute Simon Koma,
Olakunle Ayodeji Fatokun,
Orishadipe Abayomi Theophilus
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 5, September 2017
Pages:
86-93
Received:
20 August 2017
Accepted:
31 August 2017
Published:
6 October 2017
Abstract: The plant, Waltherica indica Linn is known to possess medicinal properties according to African folklore. Scientific verification of its bioactive constituents backing its use for the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections is limited. This study aimed at evaluating the phytochemical compounds present in the crude leaf extracts as well as identify their pathogen-specific antagonistic activities. The results obtained revealed that alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, phenolic acids, saponins, steroids, tannins and terpenoids were present in the extracts. The results also revealed that the zones of inhibition from the acidic, basic, neutral polar and non-polar fractions ranged between 24-28mm against the organisms (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia, Streptococcus pyrogens, Klebsciella pneumonia, and Candida krusei). The Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MICs) of the crude, acidic, basic, neutral polar and non-polar fractions of the leaf was recorded at 2.5mg/ml and 0.5mg/ml respectively. The results obtained suggested that the leaf of the studied plant possess strong antimicrobial activities against selected bacterial and fungal species with direct correlation to the actions of their phyto-constituents.
Abstract: The plant, Waltherica indica Linn is known to possess medicinal properties according to African folklore. Scientific verification of its bioactive constituents backing its use for the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections is limited. This study aimed at evaluating the phytochemical compounds present in the crude leaf extracts as well as i...
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An Alternative Strategy in Cancer Chemotherapy, Aimed Not at Killing Cancer Cells, but the Recovery of Their DNA, Modified by Active Oxygen
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 5, September 2017
Pages:
94-98
Received:
17 August 2017
Accepted:
7 September 2017
Published:
10 October 2017
Abstract: It is considered that the cause of some forms of cancer is the modification of DNA by active oxygen. This suggests that the removal of oxygen from the composition of such DNA will cure these forms of cancer. For the practical implementation of this idea proposed a number of substances that are harmless to humans, but have the ability to penetrate into cell nuclei and bind active oxygen.
Abstract: It is considered that the cause of some forms of cancer is the modification of DNA by active oxygen. This suggests that the removal of oxygen from the composition of such DNA will cure these forms of cancer. For the practical implementation of this idea proposed a number of substances that are harmless to humans, but have the ability to penetrate i...
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Antiurolithiatic Potential of Eleusine indica Linn. (GOOSE GRASS) Root Extract on Ethylene Glycol Induced Nephrolithiasis in Rattus norvegicus (ALBINO RATS)
Daniel Opoku Amoah,
Maritan Bringas Joson,
Marlon Cartera Pareja
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 5, September 2017
Pages:
99-108
Received:
22 August 2017
Accepted:
14 September 2017
Published:
23 October 2017
Abstract: The study was mainly aimed to determine the antiurolithiathic potential of different concentrations of E. indica root extract on ethylene glycol induced nephrolithiasis in Rattus norvergicus (albino rats). It specifically targeted the effects the plant extract will pose on serum parameters (creatinine, BUN and uric acid) nitrituria, proteinuria, calcium oxalate excretion, and the histopathology of kidney tubules and glomeruli of albino rats. In the study, root of E. indica was collected, dried and extracted using distilled water of 80°C-100°C. The actual experimental period lasted for 4 weeks. The study involved 5 test groups; negative control group (T-), positive control group or lithogenic group (T+), two prophylactic groups (T1 and T2) receiving different concentrations of E. indica root extract (T1- 500mg/kg and T2- 800mg/kg) and one curative group receiving 800mg/kg of E. indica root extract after being induced with kidney stones during the first 2 weeks of the experimental period. All the test groups received 0.75% ethylene glycol (stone inducing chemical) in water for 4 week ad libitum with the exception of the negative control. At the end of the study, there was elevated levels of serum creatinine, BUN and uric acid among the lithogenic group which was normalized in all the three treatment groups. There was no significant difference between the serum parameters of the E. indica treatment groups and that of negative control (P < 0.05). There was the presence of nitrituria, proteinuria, high pH and high levels of calcium oxalate excretion in the lithogenic group. But again all these parameters were normalized in the three E. indica treatment groups. E. indica root extract also maintained the normal structure of kidney glomeruli and tubules among T1 and T2 (prophylactic groups) and repaired kidney defects in T3 (curative group). E. indica root extract thus possess antiurolithiathic potentials and can be used to prevent and cure nephrolithiasis in albino rats.
Abstract: The study was mainly aimed to determine the antiurolithiathic potential of different concentrations of E. indica root extract on ethylene glycol induced nephrolithiasis in Rattus norvergicus (albino rats). It specifically targeted the effects the plant extract will pose on serum parameters (creatinine, BUN and uric acid) nitrituria, proteinuria, ca...
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