-
Review Article
Comprehensive Review of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Virulence Factors and Their Role in Urinary Tract Infection
Wondwesen Mitiku*,
Debebe Landina Lata
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2025
Pages:
43-50
Received:
7 May 2025
Accepted:
10 June 2025
Published:
7 July 2025
Abstract: Escherichia coli is a gram-negative bacterium that lives in numerous places within the environment, including the gastrointestinal framework of people. Most strains of Escherichia coli contribute positively to human health by aiding in digestion and nutrient absorption. However, certain strains can become pathogenic and are capable of causing extraintestinal infections in humans. Among these, uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the primary causative agent of urinary tract infections (UTIs), particularly in women, children, and the elderly. UPEC strains possess unique genetic traits known as virulence factors, which are essential for their ability to colonize, invade, and persist within the urinary tract. The primary objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the major virulence factors associated with UPEC and to evaluate their specific roles in the pathogenesis of UTIs. UPEC virulence factors are broadly classified into surface-associated structures and secreted products. Type 1 fimbriae and P fimbriae are the major surface adhesion structures, allowing UPEC to attach to and colonize the uroepithelial cells of the bladder and kidneys. Capsular polysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) contribute to immune evasion and biofilm formation, enhancing the bacteria’s ability to persist in hostile environments. In addition to surface structures, UPEC also secretes various toxins and effector proteins. These include hemolysin, which lyses host cells; cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (CNF1) and cytolethal distending toxin (CDT), which interfere with host cell function; secreted autotransporter toxin (SAT), which promotes tissue damage; and siderophores, which facilitate iron acquisition from the host, an essential nutrient for bacterial growth. Further research is needed to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying UPEC virulence and the factors contributing to the emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant clones. A comprehensive understanding of virulence factor expression, regulation, and interaction with the host immune system could provide new avenues for therapeutic intervention.
Abstract: Escherichia coli is a gram-negative bacterium that lives in numerous places within the environment, including the gastrointestinal framework of people. Most strains of Escherichia coli contribute positively to human health by aiding in digestion and nutrient absorption. However, certain strains can become pathogenic and are capable of causing extra...
Show More
-
Research Article
Minimization of Postharvest Loss on Cereal Crops Through Capacity Building of Artisans and Youth Groups
Tasfaye Aseffa*,
Laike Kebede
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2025
Pages:
51-59
Received:
25 April 2025
Accepted:
14 May 2025
Published:
15 July 2025
Abstract: The current Ethiopian policy is to strengthen mechanization to improve crop production. The economy depends on agriculture, and the technology imported challenges Ethiopian inducers. The best option is the strength of local manufacturers and artisans. The purpose of this training was to strengthen the artisan and youth groups to improve fabrication quality. The training was conducted on fabrications of maize sheller and metal silo at Melkassa Agricultural Research Centre. The parts of Sheller are: supporter, drum, engine, shaft, chain, and sprocket. The sheller parameters are: speeds, moisture, shelling capacity, efficiency, and grain damage. Metal silo designs parameters: diameter of silo, height, thickness, and density of crop. The material used was galvanized sheet metal (28 gauge), lead, acid, and benzene. The trainers come from Oromia, Amhara, Central Ethiopia, Sidama, and the South Ethiopia region. They equally participated in maize sheller and metal silo fabrication. Oromia and Amhara (28%), Central and South Ethiopia (17%), and Sidama (10%) of the artisans successfully participated. They cover theoretical and practical sessions, and they can fabricate quality sheller and metal silos. After the training, they can develop their business, and it results in the minimizing of crop as it improves the accessibility of the technologies. Ethiopia's policy aims to improve crop production through mechanization, focusing on local manufacturers and artisans. A training program was conducted at the Melkassa Agricultural Research Centre to improve fabrication quality of maize shellers and metal silos. The training involved trainers from various regions, with 28% of participants successfully participating. The training helped artisans improve their skills, leading to business development and reduced crop loss, thereby enhancing technology accessibility.
Abstract: The current Ethiopian policy is to strengthen mechanization to improve crop production. The economy depends on agriculture, and the technology imported challenges Ethiopian inducers. The best option is the strength of local manufacturers and artisans. The purpose of this training was to strengthen the artisan and youth groups to improve fabrication...
Show More
-
Research Article
Effect of Harvesting Stage and Cutting Interval on Herbage Yield and Quality of Desho Grass Under Irrigation at Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center
Nebi Husein*,
Meseret Tilahun,
Daniel Wana
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2025
Pages:
60-67
Received:
18 March 2025
Accepted:
9 April 2025
Published:
19 July 2025
Abstract: The experiment was conducted at Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center (on station) for two consecutive years (2021-2022) with the objective to evaluate the effect of harvesting stage and cutting intervals on herbage dry matter yield, other agronomic performances, nutritive value and economic advantages of Desho grass variety (KK1-DZF # 591) produced under irrigation. The treatment contained three levels of harvesting stages (60, 75, and 90) and three cutting times (30, 45 and 60 days). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design in factorial arrangement with three replications. The data collected from the current study were herbage dry matter yield, yield related agronomic parameters, and chemical composition of the grass. The analysis of variance indicated that plant height, leave length, leaf to stem ratio and herbage dry matter yield were showed significance (P<0.001) variations among the treatments. The highest plant height was recorded from advanced age at cutting interval 60 days and the lowest was from the early harvesting at 30 days. The highest herbage dry matter yield was recorded from treatment harvested every 45 days of cutting interval, after a maximum age of 75, this was due to high number of tillers recorded. The lowest values were recorded long stages of harvesting (90 and 75 days) with long cutting interval (60 days). The highest cutting frequencies were recorded from early harvesting stage (60 days) of cutting interval after every month (30 days) and the lowest was from late harvesting stage (90 days) of cutting interval after two months (60 days). CP, ash NDF and, ADF contents of Desho grass was affected by harvesting stage and cutting interval. The highest mean values of CP and ash contents were recorded from early harvested forage at 30 and 45 days than 60 days of cutting intervals and the lowest was recorded from late of cutting interval. The highest returns were obtained from forage harvested at every 45 days after reach maximum age of 75 days at both seasons. 75x45 treatment combination was good in total dry biomass yield, chemical compositions and high return. Therefore, Desho grass established under irrigation condition harvested after the harvesting stage of 75 days with cutting interval 45 days was recommended for the end user of the study area and similar agro ecology.
Abstract: The experiment was conducted at Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center (on station) for two consecutive years (2021-2022) with the objective to evaluate the effect of harvesting stage and cutting intervals on herbage dry matter yield, other agronomic performances, nutritive value and economic advantages of Desho grass variety (KK1-DZF # 591) produ...
Show More
-
Review Article
Norovirus: Epidemiology, Clinical Impact, Transmission, and Strategies for Prevention and Control
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2025
Pages:
68-75
Received:
20 January 2025
Accepted:
12 June 2025
Published:
24 July 2025
Abstract: Norovirus is a member of the family Caliciviridae. The family of Caliciviridae consists of several distinct groups of viruses that were first named after the places where outbreaks occurred. These small, non-enveloped single-stranded RNA viruses cause self-limiting disease in healthy individuals within 10-51 hours after exposure. Norovirus infection can cause the sudden onset of vomiting and diarrhea. It is highly contagious and commonly spreads through food or water that is contaminated. The primary mode of transmission is fecal-oral. Sources include ingestion of contaminated water or food or direct transmission from a contaminated surface or infected person. The virus is resistant and can stay on surfaces even after disinfecting. Common symptoms of norovirus infection include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. These could lead to clinically significant dehydration, requiring hospitalizations. In addition to clinical effects, norovirus also has a major financial impact in developed nations. The spread of the infection is facilitated by its low-infecting dose (between 20 and 1,000 viral particles to infect a person), prolonged excretion in stools (up to 2-4 weeks) and relative stability in the environment, food and water, as compared to other viruses. Generally to prevent norovirus: Clean environment, Isolation of infected people, Frequent and clean hand washing, Avoid contaminated food and water, Well cleaned fruits and vegetable, void oysters, omit or feaces should be cleaned and disinfected, Surrounding should be neat and clean, Disinfect virus containing area, Stay home from work, Avoid traveling, Wash and clean the items like bedding clothes which may contain viruses, wide range of product like disinfectant and antimicrobial solutions are registered at EPA, which gives better results.
Abstract: Norovirus is a member of the family Caliciviridae. The family of Caliciviridae consists of several distinct groups of viruses that were first named after the places where outbreaks occurred. These small, non-enveloped single-stranded RNA viruses cause self-limiting disease in healthy individuals within 10-51 hours after exposure. Norovirus infectio...
Show More
-
Research Article
Prevalence and Financial Losses Associated with Bovine Fasciolosis on Cattle Slaughtered at Masha Municipal Abattoir, South-west Ethiopia
Melkamu Melese*,
Samrawit Girma,
Agegnehu Desalign
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2025
Pages:
76-81
Received:
20 January 2025
Accepted:
12 June 2025
Published:
24 July 2025
Abstract: A cross-sectional study was conducted from May to July 2016 to determine the prevalence and its associated financial losses of bovine fasciolosis in cattle slaughtered at Masha municipal abattoir, Sheka Zone, South-West Ethiopia. A total of 270 animals’ livers were examined, from which 114 were found positive for liver fluke infection (fasciolosis) with an overall prevalence of 42.2%. The prevalence of fasciolosis has shown variations between animals originating from the four different kebeles. The highest prevalence was 65.15% (n=66) noted in animals originated from Attile kebele, and the least 13.8% (n=72) in cattle from Keja. There was statistically significant difference (p<0.05) in prevalence of fasciolosis between cattle originating from the four kebeles. The study has found slightly higher prevalence 45.61% in females (45.6%, n=52) than males (39.7%, n=62). Sex has no statistically significant (p>0.05) influence on the prevalence of fasciolosis. The prevalence of fasciolosis was analysed by body condition score (Bcs) and there was significantly (p<0.05) higher infection (53.6%) in animals with poor body condition than with good body condition (32.41%). The study shows that prevalence of fasciolosis was 54.31% on adult and 33.11% on older cattle. There was statistically significant difference (p<0.05) in prevalence between the two age groups. Based on the prevalence of bovine fasciolosis in the current study, the direct financial loss resulted from livers condemned due to fasciolosis during the 60 days of study period was estimated at 34200 ETB. Likewise, the annual financial loss was extrapolated to be 171000 ETB (5700.65 USD). The study has recommended that farmers should be made more aware of the fact that fasciolosis is a serious animal health problem in the study area with additional financial loss from condemnation of affected livers. Appropriate methods of controlling fasciolosis should be adopted that include regular deworming of cattle with correct doses and regime; and the use of moliuscicides to kill snails in the breeding places where cattle graze.
Abstract: A cross-sectional study was conducted from May to July 2016 to determine the prevalence and its associated financial losses of bovine fasciolosis in cattle slaughtered at Masha municipal abattoir, Sheka Zone, South-West Ethiopia. A total of 270 animals’ livers were examined, from which 114 were found positive for liver fluke infection (fasciolosis)...
Show More
-
Research Article
The Effects of International Commodities Trading on Economic Growth from a Developing Economy Perspective: An Evidence of Frequency Domain Causality and ARDL
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2025
Pages:
82-96
Received:
8 May 2025
Accepted:
3 June 2025
Published:
28 July 2025
Abstract: The study aims to ascertain the effect of international commodity trade on economic growth in Nigeria. The paper used time series data from 1990 to 2021 from a secondary data source the World Bank database and the Central Bank of Nigeria. The study employed the ARDL bound test for co-integration and ARDL short-run and long-run for analysis, and the frequency domain causality, both the results for oil export and non-oil export are statistically significant at 0.05 frequency level, showing that Oil export and non-oil export showed a unidirectional causal effect on economic growth in Nigeria, and significant at the long, medium and short run respectively as well as the impact of international trade on the economic growth of Nigeria. The study showed that oil and non-oil exports had a positive and statistically significant relationship with economic growth. The paper bases its argument on the theories of dependence and structuralism. Thus, encouraging the diversification of Nigeria's economy and lessening the nation's reliance on commodity exports are required to foster sustainable economic development. Overall, this study contributes to the understanding of the effects of international commodities trading on economic growth and provides recommendations for policymakers and stakeholders to promote sustainable development in Nigeria and other developing countries.
Abstract: The study aims to ascertain the effect of international commodity trade on economic growth in Nigeria. The paper used time series data from 1990 to 2021 from a secondary data source the World Bank database and the Central Bank of Nigeria. The study employed the ARDL bound test for co-integration and ARDL short-run and long-run for analysis, and the...
Show More
-
Research Article
Characterization, Classification and Mapping of Soil Resources in Adami Tulu Jido Kombolcha District of East Shewa Zone, Oromia
Bekele Abebe Megersa*,
Hussein Namu Kurse,
Reta Worku Megersa
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2025
Pages:
97-113
Received:
9 June 2025
Accepted:
26 June 2025
Published:
28 July 2025
Abstract: A study was undertaken in Adami Tulu Jido Kombolcha District of Oromia region, Ethiopia, to investigate the site, morphological and physico-chemical characteristics, classification and mapping of soils. Fourteen soil pedons at representative sites were described and 66 disturbed and undisturbed soil samples from identified horizons were taken for laboratory analysis. The data obtained showed that the soils varied from moderate to very deep, well drained, the surface soil color at (dry) varied from light gray (10YR 7/2) to very dark brown (7.5YR 2.5/2); at moist varied from brown (10YR4/3) to black (10YR2/1), while the subsurface color varied from white (10YR 8/1) to black (7.5YR 3/1,) at dry conditions and at moist condition the color varied from light gray (7.5YR 7/2) to black (7.5YR 2.5/1), the structure in the surface layers of the pedons 1, 2, 3, 6, 14 had weak fine granular and gradually in subsurface changed to Moderate fine sub angular blocky in the same pedons; Strong fine granular at surface changed to strong fine sub angular blocky in pedon 4; Strong fine angular blocky in pedon 5 and moderate medium granular in pedon 7 and 8 at surface and subsurface without gradual change. The values of the determined soil physical characteristics revealed that sand, silt, clay, bulk density and total porosity ranged from 34 to 81.78%, 9.22 to 48%, 5 to 28%, 0.95 to 1.31 g cm-3, 50.56 to 64.15% respectively. Moreover, the soils were neutral (pH 6.7 to 7.3) to strongly alkaline (pH >8.0), salt free (< 1dsm-1) except pedon 9 and 10 near to lake Abjeta. Soil organic matter content ranged from very low to moderate in and total N ranged very low to moderate, available phosphorus ranged from very low to low respectively. Soil exchangeable Ca2+ ranged from moderate to high (5.13 to 21.8 cmol(+) kg-1), high to very high in exchangeable K (0.65 to 3.46 cmol(+) kg-1), moderate to high in Mg (1.28 to 6.7 cmol(+) kg-1), low to very high in exchangeable Na (0.13 to 10.1 cmol(+) kg-1) and, moderate to high CEC (13.13 to 38.88% cmol(+) kg-1) and moderate to very high PBS (50.92 to 97.69%), respectively. Soil of the district was classified as chromic vertisols, Luvic phaeozems, vitric andosols, Solonetz and mollic andosols.
Abstract: A study was undertaken in Adami Tulu Jido Kombolcha District of Oromia region, Ethiopia, to investigate the site, morphological and physico-chemical characteristics, classification and mapping of soils. Fourteen soil pedons at representative sites were described and 66 disturbed and undisturbed soil samples from identified horizons were taken for l...
Show More
-
Research Article
Artificial Intelligence and the Rewriting of Musical Memory: A Cognitive Perspective
Ismail Eraslan*
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2025
Pages:
114-120
Received:
9 May 2025
Accepted:
9 June 2025
Published:
28 July 2025
Abstract: The intersection of artificial intelligence (AI) and music is redefining the construction, preservation, and perception of musical memory. This study investigates how AI-generated compositions interact with human cognition and reshape our understanding of cultural continuity in music. Anchored in cognitive musicology and memory theory, it adopts a qualitative-computational framework to explore how algorithmic systems simulate and reinterpret traditional musical structures. Focusing on the Ottoman-Turkish makam tradition as a case study, the research compares AI-generated pieces with historically grounded compositions, analyzing their melodic contours, modal progressions, and formal architectures. The methodology combines structural music analysis, listener response studies, and computational profiling of AI models. Findings indicate that while AI can effectively reproduce surface-level features of traditional music, it often lacks the nuanced emotional and cultural depth embedded in human compositions. Listener responses reveal cognitive dissonance when AI-generated works deviate subtly from familiar modal logics, highlighting the complex interplay between form, memory, and authenticity. The study also engages with broader theoretical discourses in digital aesthetics and posthumanism, arguing that AI’s role in music extends beyond imitation. It positions AI as a co-author in the evolving ecology of musical memory an entity capable of both continuity and disruption. By articulating a model of hybrid authorship and distributed memory, the study challenges traditional notions of creativity, heritage, and authorship in the digital age. This research contributes to interdisciplinary discussions on the future of cultural heritage, offering critical insights into how emerging technologies reshape the way we remember, transmit, and reinterpret music.
Abstract: The intersection of artificial intelligence (AI) and music is redefining the construction, preservation, and perception of musical memory. This study investigates how AI-generated compositions interact with human cognition and reshape our understanding of cultural continuity in music. Anchored in cognitive musicology and memory theory, it adopts a ...
Show More
-
Research Article
Soil Fertility Assessment and Mapping at Kofele District, West Arsi Zone, Oromia Ethiopia
Bekele Abebe*,
Husen Namu
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2025
Pages:
121-130
Received:
8 June 2025
Accepted:
26 June 2025
Published:
28 July 2025
Abstract: Soil fertility assessment and mapping is the way of assessing soil nutrients on the basis of soil samples test results and preparing maps at required scale. The study tried to map selected plant nutrients phosphorous, potassium, organic carbon and other soil fertility indicators (pH. EC, CEC) for Kofele district, Oromia, Ethiopia. About 161 soil samples were collected across the district and used to map the whole area. Standard laboratory analyses were followed for every soil parameters. In order to predict values for not sampled locations the Ordinary Kriging interpolation was used by ArcGIS10.1 software. The potassium level in the study site has two classes’ medium and high which covers 79.98% and 20.02%, respectively. The district has four categories of soilpH but the majority of the area falls in strongly acidic. Generally, the pH of the study were very strongly acidic (5.63% of the area, strongly acidic (63.85% of the area), extremely acidic (0.35% of the area) and moderately acidic (30.16% of the area). The available phosphorus level is categorized as low, medium and high which is 0.71%, 98.36%, and 0.93%, respectively. The dominating class is medium. Cation Exchange Capacity can also be categorized in three classes namely low (9.14%), moderate (90.84%) and high (0.016%) in soils of the area. Soil Electrical Conductivity is ranged from 0.085 to 0.383 mmhos/cm at 25oCi.e, are salt free. Soil Organic Matter content ranged from 1.10% to 4.79%namely from low to moderate in rating classes. The organic matter content of soils of the study area are dominated by moderate and low with percent share of 79.73%, 20.27%, respectively. Exchangeable potassium (K) can also be categorized in two classes namely medium 79.98% and high 20.02% in soil of the area.
Abstract: Soil fertility assessment and mapping is the way of assessing soil nutrients on the basis of soil samples test results and preparing maps at required scale. The study tried to map selected plant nutrients phosphorous, potassium, organic carbon and other soil fertility indicators (pH. EC, CEC) for Kofele district, Oromia, Ethiopia. About 161 soil sa...
Show More
-
Research Article
The Practices of Agricultural Extension Services in Shashemene Woreda: Its Achievements and Challenges
Desta Tusa*,
Kinfe Kibebew
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2025
Pages:
131-142
Received:
20 June 2025
Accepted:
4 July 2025
Published:
28 July 2025
Abstract: This study examined the practical delivery, effectiveness, and challenges of Agricultural Extension Services (AES) in Shashemene Woreda, with particular attention to both the milestones achieved and the persistent constraints encountered by local farming communities. A cross sectional research design guided the investigation, and data were gathered from 130 households situated across three distinct agroecological zones, lowland, midland, and highland ensuring a comprehensive representation of farming conditions and lived experiences. The findings illuminated a youthful farming population, with 78.23 percent of respondents aged below forty, reflecting strong potential for innovation and adaptability. Nonetheless, a pronounced gender imbalance became evident, as men constituted 72.31 percent of participants, suggesting the continued underrepresentation of women in agricultural service engagement and leadership. Educational deficiencies emerged as a significant barrier, with 36.92 percent of respondents unable to read or write, which limited their capacity to assimilate and implement improved agricultural methods. Despite the presence of AES, only 17.69 percent of farmers had reported adopting enhanced practices in their day to day farming activities. Moreover, the majority, 58.46 percent, perceived the services as largely ineffective in addressing their practical needs. Financial hardship stood out as the most prominent challenge, reported by 40.76 percent of respondents, followed by limited technical support (26.94 percent) and restrictive policy environments (18.46 percent). Furthermore, only 22.31 percent of the farmers indicated awareness of or access to market value chain opportunities, which further constrained economic progress. These insights underscored an urgent need for inclusive, contextually grounded strategies that could elevate the impact of AES through enhanced farmer education, gender empowerment, resource mobilization, and improved market connectivity, thus fostering more resilient and sustainable rural livelihoods.
Abstract: This study examined the practical delivery, effectiveness, and challenges of Agricultural Extension Services (AES) in Shashemene Woreda, with particular attention to both the milestones achieved and the persistent constraints encountered by local farming communities. A cross sectional research design guided the investigation, and data were gathered...
Show More
-
Review Article
Acceptability of Immediate Postnatal Intrauterine Contraceptive in Ethiopia: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2025
Pages:
143-152
Received:
2 July 2025
Accepted:
14 July 2025
Published:
30 July 2025
Abstract: Introduction: An intrauterine contraceptive family planning is appropriate for females of all reproductive age groups for avoiding unplanned pregnancies. Immediate postpartum intra-uterine contraceptive device placement within 10 min after the removal of the placenta following vaginal delivery is a safe and effective technique. Immediate postpartum family planning facilities requirement to be underlined after the lady leaves the hospital. In spite of the recognized demand for post-delivery family planning, several mothers do not access and accept the services. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the pooled acceptability of immediate postpartum intrauterine contraceptive in Ethiopia. Methods: Studies were thoroughly searched by using international databases from PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and Embase. The systemic review was carried out using the random effect method, and statistical analysis was conducted using STATA version 14 software for the window. The Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline was used to reporting results. Results: This review comprised five observational cross-sectional studies in total. The pooled prevalence of acceptability of immediate postnatal intrauterine contraceptive among mothers who delivered in Ethiopia was 20.12% (95% CI =18.49- 21.75). Conclusion: Evidence suggested that low the pooled prevalence of acceptability of immediate postnatal intrauterine contraceptive. This highlights the need for targeted interfering to reduce to advance acceptability of immediate postpartum intrauterine contraceptive in the Ethiopian.
Abstract: Introduction: An intrauterine contraceptive family planning is appropriate for females of all reproductive age groups for avoiding unplanned pregnancies. Immediate postpartum intra-uterine contraceptive device placement within 10 min after the removal of the placenta following vaginal delivery is a safe and effective technique. Immediate postpartum...
Show More
-
Case Report
Outbreak of Aeromonas Hydrophila Affecting Fish Health in Babogaya Lake, Ethiopia
Baisa Fekensa Jebesa*,
Alemu Kebede Abdi,
Nebiyu Kassa Kergano
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2025
Pages:
153-157
Received:
3 July 2025
Accepted:
14 July 2025
Published:
30 July 2025
Abstract: On October 6, 2023, reports emerged of a fish mortality outbreak in Babogaya Lake, in Bishoftu, in Ethiopia's Oromia Region. The Oromia Regional Government formally referred the occurrence to the National Animal Health Institute (AHI) in order to ascertain its cause. Samples from infected fish, lake water, and sediment were gathered for laboratory study as part of field research. Aeromonas hydrophila was detected in 5 (15.6%) of the 32 fish tissue samples that were analyzed. Selective culture, hemolysis tests on 7% sheep blood agar (β-hemolytic activity was seen in 5/32 samples, or 15.6%), biochemical assays, and PCR targeting the aerA gene were used to confirm the isolates. Identification was further validated by phenotypic profiling utilizing the Biolog GEN III system, which showed significant metabolic plasticity. Escherichia coli O157 and other pathogens were also recovered from two samples, indicating a more widespread problem of microbial pollution in the lake ecosystem. The extensive distribution of A. hydrophila and fecal indicator bacteria in various environmental sources points to deteriorating water quality and environmental stress as key causes of the outbreak. These results highlight the necessity of regular water quality monitoring, efficient waste management, and improved aquatic health surveillance in order to safeguard fish populations and public health in the Babogaya Lake area.
Abstract: On October 6, 2023, reports emerged of a fish mortality outbreak in Babogaya Lake, in Bishoftu, in Ethiopia's Oromia Region. The Oromia Regional Government formally referred the occurrence to the National Animal Health Institute (AHI) in order to ascertain its cause. Samples from infected fish, lake water, and sediment were gathered for laboratory ...
Show More
-
Research Article
The Role of Gada System in Economic and Tourism Development
Getu Gonfa Ararso*
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2025
Pages:
158-169
Received:
25 June 2025
Accepted:
9 July 2025
Published:
30 July 2025
Abstract: This research paper explores the significant role of the Gadaa system in enhancing tourism and economic development. Oromia, like many African regions, is abundant with natural and cultural attractions, with the Gadaa system standing out as a major man-made cultural heritage. While previous studies have extensively examined the concept of the Gadaa system, a gap remains in understanding its impact on tourism and economic growth. This study aims to bridge this gap by employing a qualitative research methodology, utilizing both primary and secondary data sources, including oral traditions and published materials. The findings reveal that the Gadaa system, with its rich democratic practices and cultural activities, holds substantial potential to attract tourists, thereby boosting the local economy. The study concludes with recommendations for preserving the Gadaa system for tourism development strategies, highlighting its importance as a catalyst for economic growth within the tourism industry.
Abstract: This research paper explores the significant role of the Gadaa system in enhancing tourism and economic development. Oromia, like many African regions, is abundant with natural and cultural attractions, with the Gadaa system standing out as a major man-made cultural heritage. While previous studies have extensively examined the concept of the Gadaa...
Show More
