Evaluation of Anti-Cancer Properties of Lichens Using Albino wistar Rats as an Animal Model
Shanmugam Poornima,
Ponnusamy Ponmurugan,
Khader Syed Zameer Ahmed,
Ganesan Ayyappadasan,
Fahad Khalid Aldhafiri,
Balakrishnan Santhanaraj
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2016
Pages:
84-89
Received:
20 October 2016
Accepted:
4 November 2016
Published:
29 November 2016
Abstract: Studies were undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of purified lichen extracts against cancer induced Albino wistar rats as an animal model under in vivo condition. Lichen species were collected from different mean sea level of Yercaud hills of Tamil Nadu, India. Extraction and purification of lichen compounds were done using silica gel column chromatography with TLC analysis. Different fractions were collected from the crude extract and it was subjected to study the potential of anticancerous property. Anticancer activity was confirmed that Parmotrema reticulatum exhibited the highest control over the cervical cancer in cell line model. The compound Benzoic acid, 2, 4 dihydroxy, 6 methyl-methyl ester was identified as a potent molecule from Rocella montagnei. Anticancer effect of P. reticulatum and P. hababianum and their compounds were further evaluated to have the effective cancer drug against cervical cancer disease. Cancer cell line induced rats showing a significant reduction tumor proliferation which were treated with bioactive anti-cancer lichen compounds in comparison with the standard drug. Histopathology and hematology studies have been done to examine to confirm the level of tumor growth in the animals and to analyze the blood platelet count in tumors; respectively.
Abstract: Studies were undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of purified lichen extracts against cancer induced Albino wistar rats as an animal model under in vivo condition. Lichen species were collected from different mean sea level of Yercaud hills of Tamil Nadu, India. Extraction and purification of lichen compounds were done using silica gel column chroma...
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Reactive Oxygen Species and Serous Epithelial Ovarian Adenocarcinoma
Shakeria Cohen,
Sharifeh Mehrabi,
Xuebiao Yao,
Stephanie Millingen,
Felix O. Aikhionbare
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2016
Pages:
106-114
Received:
30 November 2016
Accepted:
10 December 2016
Published:
9 January 2017
Abstract: Serous ovarian cancer (SOC) is usually diagnosed at late stage and stage-adjusted five year survival rate is low. Mortality is relatively heavy on African-Americans/Black (AA) affected with SOC compared to their Caucasian counterparts, though the cause for the disparity remains unclear. DNA damage induced by oxidative stress has been linked to ovarian cancer, but the role of oxidative stress in distinguishing differences in aggressive SOC tumors among patients is yet to be determined. This study aims to determine the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive carbonyl groups and antioxidants in primary SOC normal, precancerous (cystadenoma, borderline) and invasive (III/IV) tissue samples obtained from AA and Caucasian subgroups. Additionally, the study seeks to investigate significant changes in the level of ROS between AA and Caucasian SOC samples. A fluorogenic probe, dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCFH-DiOxyQ), was used to scavenge reactive oxygen species in SOC normal, precancerous and malignant stages III/IV tissue samples. Malondialdehyde (MDA), a lipid peroxidation marker, and reactive carbonyl groups were measured as indicators of oxidative injury. Moreover, antioxidant status was assessed by estimating glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3) enzyme levels. Results indicate ROS concentration was approximately 96% higher in the malignant tissues in comparative to the normal non-diseased controls. In addition, ROS concentration among AA women was approximately 9% higher than Caucasian women. MDA levels increased exponentially from non-disease control and precancerous tissues relative to malignant tissues. Furthermore, malignant serous ovarian samples showed significantly higher reactive carbonyl content compared to the non-disease controls (p=0.009), while GPX3 levels decreased considerably in serous cystadenoma and malignant tissue samples, and non-diseased control compared to borderline disease. The results suggest accumulation of ROS and MDA levels may be a causative factor for SOC. Elevated levels of MDA and reactive carbonyl proteins could override the GPX3 enzyme capacity therefore, initiating serous ovarian neoplasm.
Abstract: Serous ovarian cancer (SOC) is usually diagnosed at late stage and stage-adjusted five year survival rate is low. Mortality is relatively heavy on African-Americans/Black (AA) affected with SOC compared to their Caucasian counterparts, though the cause for the disparity remains unclear. DNA damage induced by oxidative stress has been linked to ovar...
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